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"When people start dancing, a kind of ownership ritual takes over. They've marked out their own physical space: it now belongs to them. Likewise, they've started to take ownership of the music they're hearing" - (Ratliff, 2016)

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"Everything we tend to classify as "variation"---sonata form, symphony, jazz---includes repetition. And everything we tend to classify as "repetition"---minimalism, reggae, R&B, techno---includes variation" - (Ratliff, 2016)

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Another example of repetition, but this one is interesting because the variation does not fit unless the repeating main line is there

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Another example of repetition, this one however was interesting because the variation was increasing, shortening intervals, but when compared to the repeating main line it was difficult to tell if it was going back and forth

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Four Organs, a song by Steve Reich on Spotify

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Another example of a repeating main line, that some how makes the variation outstanding

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Repetition of main line, then addition of tweaks in tone of interjecting lines

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"Music is a game between performers and audiences, a loop in which performers hold the upper hand, then audiences, then performers again" - (Ratliff, 2016)

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Ratliff, B. (2016). Every song ever: twenty ways to listen in an age of musical plenty. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

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"Repetition is a smart psychological operation---a way to make you focus on all that is in fact non repetitive" - (Ratliff, 2016)

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In this Padlet exploration I will discuss (Ratliff, Ch.1) concept of repetition. Ratliff argues that repetition is the inverse of variation, but without the other, neither would succeed. I agree with him on this, especially after listening to "Ain't it Funky Now - James Brown".