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Evidence collected or analyzed illegally is not allowed to be used to prosecute a criminal in court.

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Government or State organizations cannot endorse religion in any way, shape or form.

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Fair treatment through the legal system, which is a citizen’s right.

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Prosecution of someone for the same crime twice, which also happens to be illegal.

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Symbolic Speech, which is the communication of ideas through the combination of language and actions.

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Making assumptions based on a class of individuals which have been subject to discrimination. This can be in the form of gender, race or nationality.

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Segregation enforced by the law.

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Reasonable grounds for a search, seizure or pressing charges.

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A white male was rejected from a college, because the college was reserving spaces for qualified minority students. The white male’s test scores and GPA exceeded those of the minority students. Bakke was excluded, based solely upon his race.

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Actions that convey a specific message or statement to those viewing it, or to those for whom it is meant for.

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Selected provisions of the Bill of Rights that are made applicable to the states.

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United States Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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The Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination.

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No state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction equal protection of the law.

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The United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in the prosecution of criminals in court.

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Were used to prevent African-Americans from voting in the South, after they were granted suffrage.

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Admission policies that provide equal access to education for those groups that have been historically excluded or underrepresented, such as women and minorities.

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State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South.

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Declared segregation and discrimination on the basis of race, gender, color, sex, or  national origin unconstitutional.

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United States Supreme Court on the issue of abortion, ruled that State regulation of abortion is tied to the third trimester of the woman’s pregnancy.

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The Supreme Court decided that African Americans whether free or enslaved, are not citizens of the United States and therefore cannot sue in federal court. The Federal Government also does not have the power to regulate slavery in federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States.

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The Supreme Court decided that state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal” were to be upheld.

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Supreme Court Decides that a person needs to be recognized in court, despite the offense.

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A test that courts may use to determine the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance. To pass, a law must be rationally related to a legitimate government interest.

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You can believe whatever you wish, but you acting upon those beliefs can be restricted.

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You cannot be prosecuted for doing something before you have done it. Example, you can not be arrested because people think you are violent, you can only be arrested after you have shown that you are violent.

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Supreme Court Case that ruled for the separation of church in state in schools.

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The right of the people to freedom of speech, of religion, of press and the right to publicly and peacefully assemble.

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The right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

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People are protected from unwarranted searches and seizures, and warrants may only be issued with a probable cause.

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Segregation that occurs when widespread individual preferences, sometimes backed up with private pressure, leads to separation.

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Criminals aren’t required to testify as a witness to their own conviction, and if they are found innocent, they cannot be put on trial for the same crime again.

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A court case that established that segregation is legal under very strict and well justified circumstances.

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In all criminal cases, the offender has the right to a speedy trial by an unbiased jury and must be informed of the cause of the accusation. The accused also has the right to obtain witnesses in his favor as well as a defense attorney that must be provided in the absence of one.

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Speech threatening to overthrow the government or one of its officials.

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In lawsuits where the value of the charge is at least twenty dollars, a jury must be present.

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Criminals may not be assigned an excessive bail or given cruel and unusual punishment.

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States cannot make laws that limit the rights of citizens, and they also may not deprive anyone of their life, liberty, or property without a trial.

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Both forms of defamatory speech, slander is spoken, and libel is written.

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False claims intended to harm someone’s reputation or image.

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The National Socialist Party of America planned to march in Skokie, Illinois, but they were initially rejected. After months of court battles, however, the won their right to march as protected by the 1st Amendment.