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- What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor? Give an example of each.

- (give students a poem) Read the poem as is; now change the point of view.

- What is the plot of the story? How could you change it so the ending is different?

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- assonance
- consonance
- imagery
- metaphor
- onomatopoeia
- repetition
- rhyme
- rhythm
- simile

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- rhymed verse
- narrative poem
- haiku
- free verse
- odes
- concrete poems

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- picture books: each line or stanza presented and illustrated on a page
- specialized collections: written by a single poet or related to a single theme
- comprehensive anthologies: feature 50 to 500 or more poems arranged by category

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- headings and subheadings
- photos and drawings
- figures, maps, and tables
- margin notes
- highlighted vocabulary words
- a glossary
- review sections or charts at the end of chapters or the end of the book
- an index

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Description: author describes a topic by listing characteristics, features, and examples
Sequence: author lists or explains items or events in numerical, chronological, or alphabetical order
Comparison: author compares two or more things
Cause and Effect: author explains one or more causes and the resulting effect or effects
Problem and Solution: author states a problem and offers one or more solutions

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Alphabet Books: many designed for young children who are learning to identify the letters of the alphabet
Biography: to learn about a person's life

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Plot: the sequence of events involving characters in conflict situations; it's based on the goals of one or more characters and the processes they go through to attain them
Characters: the people or personified animals in the start - the most important structural element when stories are centered on a character or group of characters
Setting: where and when the story takes place
Point of View: stories are written from a particular viewpoint, and this perspective determines to a great extent readers' understanding of the characters and events of the story
Theme: the underlying meaning of a story

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Conflict - the tension or opposition between forces in the plot 

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Conflict - the tension or opposition between forces in the plot 

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- Between Character and Nature
- Between a Character and Society
- Between Characters
- Within a Character

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- location
- weather
- time period
- time

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- 1st Person: "I"
- Omniscient: author is godlike, seeing and knowing all, telling readers about the thought processes of each character without worrying about how the information is obtained
- Limited Omniscient: told in third person; told so the reader knows the thoughts of one character
- Objective: readers are eyewitnesses to the story and are confined to the immediate scene

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Genre: the three broad categories are stories, informational books or nonfiction, and poetry

Text Structures: text structures are used to organize texts and emphasize the most important ideas (sequence, comparison, and cause and effect are three internal patterns used to organize nonfiction texts)

Text Features: used to achieve a particular effect in their writing

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- dialogue
- flashback
- foreshadowing
- imagery
- suspense
- symbolism
- tone

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Characters are developed in four ways....

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Characters are developed in four ways....

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- appearance
- action
- dialogue
- monologue