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Internal factors- past experience, self perception.
External factors- surroundings, environment, weather, level of competition.
Personal factors- family/ friends.
Occupational factors- working conditions.
Sports environment- sports specific external factors

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Somebody with high trait anxiety is more likely to experience anxiety in any situation. Having low trait anxiety doesn't make you immune to experiencing anxiety.

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Cognitive symptoms (mental)- loss of interest, reduced concentration etc.
Somatic symptoms (physical)- racing heart rate, tight chest etc
Behaviour symptoms - fidgeting, clumsiness, moodiness etc.

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This depends on a specific situation. This can change within a game, if you are losing 2-0 you will feel a lot more anxiety then if you was winning 2-0

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Positive perception of stress will enhance performance because it's a challenge. It will increase energy levels and motivation which helps to improve performance.
Negative perception of stress will increase worry and will be seen as a threat. This will reduce performance.

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There are cognitive, somatic, behavioural symptoms.
Some symptoms are: forgetfulness,loss of confidence, yawning, fidgeting, sweating,introversion, dry mouth etc.

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Can effect sport in 4 ways
•Fear of faliure: if the competition is too hard to beat you make the game about not losing instead if winning
•Loss of self confidence and concentration
•negative mental stare: loss of confidence and concentration lead to a continual negative mental state.
•future expectations: decreased expectation of success. Someone won't try as hard if they know they will lose.

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Arousal is a cognitive and a somatic response to a stressful situation. It can cause both negative and positive effects. Positive: someone can have a better performance. Negative: can lead to highwe levels of anxiety or make us demotivated.

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There are 3 theories of arousal, drive theory, inverted-u theory and the catastrophe theory.
Drive theory assumes that learned skill will get better with arousal however there are some times in sports when the opposite happens.

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If arousal increases then performance will increase too. This happens linearly. If a skill is well learned then high arousal will make the skill better.  If Messi scored a goal in a game, he will become more aroused and is more likely to score another goal or possibly get a hat trick.

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This is similar to the drive theory. The state of arousal increases performance however but only to a certain point. There is an optimum level to this theory where arousal improves performance. Athletes refer to 'the zone' as the zine of optimum level. This also explains our attentional focus. If we are too aroused we get narrow attention span, tunnel vision, so we ignore other relevant things around us. If we are under aroused our attention will be on irrelevant things around us.
When an athlete is in the zone then they will ignore the irrelevant things and focused on the things that are relevant around them. When Ronaldo is in his optimal zone he scores many goals and has brilliant performances however, when he gets too aroused he takes shots which are impossible to score, leading to a decrease in performance.

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Fine and complex skills require more concentration, therefore we need to be less aroused and more relaxed. This is related to sports such as golf, snooker etc.
Simple skills require higher level of arousal, this Is related to sports such as American football and rugby.

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This theory believes that performance increases arousal to 'the zone' but decreases rapidly after this zone rather then steadily. The catastrophe occurs when both our cognitive and somatic anxiety reaches very high levels. This will vary between different people. If you are naturally nervous you will reach this point a lot sooner. When Neymar it's playing really well he's in the zone, after playing really well he will become over aroused and his performance will dip. An example would be zidane in the world cup, he became over aroused leading to him head butting another player and getting sent off.

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Eustress is the positive stress which can help to motivate a athlete to improve their performance. It's helps to enhance our ability and functioning.

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Distress is negative stress, this can lead to a decrease in performance due to an increase in anxiety and worry.