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"Who we are cannot be separated from where we're from -- and when we ignore that fact, planes crash," (221)

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"Who we are cannot be separated from where we're from -- and when we ignore that fact, planes crash," (221)

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I chose this passage because of its significance to this section of the book. In this part of the book, and really throughout the book as a wholeGladwell focuses on this idea of "cultural legacy" and where you come from is a huge factor that plays into your success and when you ignore this idea of "cultural legacy" he says "planes crash" which means failure. He uses the personal pronoun "we" to establish this personal connection which the reader feels what he is saying on a personal level. Also, while the statement itself is very simple and straightforward to read, its significance in the text is huge and so that contrast between simplicity and importance really stood out to me.

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"It is not easy to be so honest about where we’re from. It would be simpler for my mother to portray her success as a straightforward triumph over victimhood, just as it would be simpler to look at Joe Flom and call him the greatest lawyer ever- even though his individual achievements are also impossibly intertwined with his ethnicity, his generation, the particulars of the garment industry, and the peculiar biases of the downtown law firms," (284).

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"It is not easy to be so honest about where we’re from. It would be simpler for my mother to portray her success as a straightforward triumph over victimhood, just as it would be simpler to look at Joe Flom and call him the greatest lawyer ever- even though his individual achievements are also impossibly intertwined with his ethnicity, his generation, the particulars of the garment industry, and the peculiar biases of the downtown law firms," (284).

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I pulled this passage from the epilogue which is about the author's mother's success, and like the rest of the examples in the novel, he digs through and points out the advantages and opportunities that led to her success. What stood out to me and what made me chose this passage is how Gladwell was able to assert his main argument into the book on a personal level. By analyzing a person as close to him as his mother, it to me showed that this theory applies about success applies not only to outliers but to all successful people. Additionally, as seen multiple times throughout the this is another instance of how he uses examples he has already gone through and explained to reinforce his statements.

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“The lesson here is very simple. But it is striking how often it is overlooked. We are so caught in the myths of the best and the brightest and the self-made that we think outliers spring naturally from the earth. We look at the young Bill Gates and marvel that our world allowed that thirteen-year-old to become a fabulously successful entrepreneur. But that's the wrong lesson. Our world only allowed one thirteen-year-old unlimited access to a time sharing terminal in 1968. If a million teenagers had been given the same opportunity, how many more Microsofts would we have today? To build a better world we need to replace the patchwork of lucky breaks and arbitrary advantages today that determine success--the fortunate birth dates and the happy accidents of history--with a society that provides opportunities for all,” (268).

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“The lesson here is very simple. But it is striking how often it is overlooked. We are so caught in the myths of the best and the brightest and the self-made that we think outliers spring naturally from the earth. We look at the young Bill Gates and marvel that our world allowed that thirteen-year-old to become a fabulously successful entrepreneur. But that's the wrong lesson. Our world only allowed one thirteen-year-old unlimited access to a time sharing terminal in 1968. If a million teenagers had been given the same opportunity, how many more Microsofts would we have today? To build a better world we need to replace the patchwork of lucky breaks and arbitrary advantages today that determine success--the fortunate birth dates and the happy accidents of history--with a society that provides opportunities for all,” (268).

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I chose to analyze this quote because this is essentially what the whole book led up to, which makes sense as it is one of the last paragraphs of the main part of the book (there is an epilogue after). In this passage, Gladwell states a problem with society concerning how people falsely identify success as something that is natural, and that outliers are self-made, but he makes it clear that he believes this is not the case at all and that's what he try's to persuade the reader on throughout the whole book. Early on in the book Gladwell specifically says that throughout the book he is going to use examples outliers in today's world to show how success is derived from special opportunities and so by ending the book with a quote like this one he revisits his thesis which is extremely effective as it leaves the reader with the main takeaway from the book. By including the example of Bill Gates, he explained in great detail in the book, this main statement about success is backed up with solid evidence which leads the reader to agree with his statement. Lastly, he provides a suggestion as to how to make the world a better place, which I think partly plays into his purpose of writing the novel which is to redefine success as it known, but he really ends on a positive note when he provides this suggestion which is why it worked for me.

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"What was required of Ratwatte was that he communicate, and communicate not just in the sense of issuing commands but also in the sense of encouraging and cajoling and calming and negotiating and sharing information in the clearest and most transparent manner possible." (192)

Cajoling (verb): persuade someone to do something by sustained coaxing or flattery.

Ex. The student cajoled the teacher into not giving any homework over winter break

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Quote ranges are (178-285)

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It was an admission of defeat. Every experience he had had outside of his own mind had ended in frustration. He knew he needed to do a better job of navigating the world, but he didn't know how. He couldn't even talk to his calculus teacher, for goodness' sake. These were things that others, with lesser minds, could master easily. But that's because those others had had help along the way, and Chris Langan never had. It wasn't an excuse. It was a fact. He'd had to make his way alone, and no one not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses ever make it alone." (115)

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It was an admission of defeat. Every experience he had had outside of his own mind had ended in frustration. He knew he needed to do a better job of navigating the world, but he didn't know how. He couldn't even talk to his calculus teacher, for goodness' sake. These were things that others, with lesser minds, could master easily. But that's because those others had had help along the way, and Chris Langan never had. It wasn't an excuse. It was a fact. He'd had to make his way alone, and no one not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses ever make it alone." (115)

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I chose this passage because of its significance in the text, in terms of his stylistic diversity. Normally, Gladwell backs up of his thesis that hard work or intelligence is not all determines successful people by giving examples of other characteristics lead to success, but in this passage, he kinda goes in the opposite direction by saying that even with an absurd amount of intelligence, there was this missing factor of help that this man "Chris" did not have. To further this persuasion, he invokes sympathy by saying how despite being such a bright man, he couldn't even talk to his calculus teacher which is extremely unfortunate as he has so much untapped potential. He doesn't use this approach often so when he diversified his persuasion techniques, its simply get the reader to think about the topic in a different light which is extremely effective.

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"The Cumberland Plateau is a wild and mountainous region of flat-topped ridges, mountain walls five hundred to a thousand feet high, and narrow valleys, some wide enough only for a one-laneroad and a creek. When the area was first settled, the plateau was covered with a dense primeval forest. Giant tulip poplars grew in the coves and at the foot of the hills, some with trunks as wide as seven or eight feet in diameter. Alongside them were white oaks, beeches, maples, walnuts, sycamores, birches, willows, cedars, pines, and hemlocks, all enmeshed in a lattice of wild grapevine, comprising one of the greatest assortment of forest trees in the Northern Hemisphere. On the ground were bears and mountain lions and rattlesnakes; in the treetops, an astonishing array of squirrels; and beneath the soil, one thick seam after another of coal." (161)

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"The Cumberland Plateau is a wild and mountainous region of flat-topped ridges, mountain walls five hundred to a thousand feet high, and narrow valleys, some wide enough only for a one-laneroad and a creek. When the area was first settled, the plateau was covered with a dense primeval forest. Giant tulip poplars grew in the coves and at the foot of the hills, some with trunks as wide as seven or eight feet in diameter. Alongside them were white oaks, beeches, maples, walnuts, sycamores, birches, willows, cedars, pines, and hemlocks, all enmeshed in a lattice of wild grapevine, comprising one of the greatest assortment of forest trees in the Northern Hemisphere. On the ground were bears and mountain lions and rattlesnakes; in the treetops, an astonishing array of squirrels; and beneath the soil, one thick seam after another of coal." (161)

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I chose to analyze this passage because when I read it at first it really stuck out to me as Gladwell hasn't incorporated imagery into his text as most of his writing had previously been factual or straight when story telling and so I was just curious as to why he would start now, which became evident after finishing the chapter. He incorporates this imagery because the landscape of where these people, that he describes, live is a huge factor of the point he is trying to make about why these specific people were successful. By going into such a detailed imagery, it ultimate helps him prove his point as the reader is able to not only read, but to also visualize what makes these particular people successful

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"No one rises to the top of the New York legal profession unless he or she is smart and ambitious and hardworking, and clearly the four men who founded the Black Rock firm fit that description. But we know far more than that, don't we? Success is not a random act. It arises out of a predictable and powerful set of circumstances and opportunities, and at this point, after examining the lives of Bill Joy and Bill Gates, pro hockey players and geniuses, and Joe Flom, the Janklows, and the Borgenichts, it shouldn't be hard to figure out where the perfect lawyer comes from." (155)

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"No one rises to the top of the New York legal profession unless he or she is smart and ambitious and hardworking, and clearly the four men who founded the Black Rock firm fit that description. But we know far more than that, don't we? Success is not a random act. It arises out of a predictable and powerful set of circumstances and opportunities, and at this point, after examining the lives of Bill Joy and Bill Gates, pro hockey players and geniuses, and Joe Flom, the Janklows, and the Borgenichts, it shouldn't be hard to figure out where the perfect lawyer comes from." (155)

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I chose to analyze this quote because it is a perfect example of how Gladwell is able to maintain this strong arability that we see throughout the book. He does this by including his general thesis statement yet again to not only remind the reader of what it is he is trying to persuade you on, but also to show how its going to relate to his next point that he makes. He then relates his thesis statement to previous examples that he has already explained which reiterates the point that as seen with these other examples, hard work and ambition are only part of what leads people to be successful, and by adding the last sentence he leads the reader to believe that this is also the case with lawyers. His use of a rhetorical question also adds to this inference that reader can make that he is going on go to show how successful lawyers come form more than just hard work. The paragraph as a whole serves as a nice transition between his story telling phase and his analysis of story to prove his thesis.

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"Imagine that we had met any one of those four fresh out of law school, sitting in the elegant waiting room at Mudge Rose next to a blue-eye Nordic type from the "right" background. " (157-158)

Nordic (adjective):  relating to Scandinavia, Finland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands.

Ex. The man who came in to interview claimed he was from a Nordic background.

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Quote ranges are (91-177)

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"Neighboring Bangor was largely Welsh and English, and the next town over was overwhelmingly German, which meant—given the fractious relationships between the English and Germans and Italians in those years—that Roseto stayed strictly for Rosetans" (5)

Fractious (adjective):  (typically of children) irritable and quarrelsome.

Ex. The fractious relationship between the man and the woman eventually led to a divorce"

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"Knowledge of boy's IQ is o little help if you are faced with a formful of clever boys." (69)

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"Knowledge of boy's IQ is o little help if you are faced with a formful of clever boys." (69)

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Gladwell includes a quote similar in style to this one underneath the title of every chapter, which relates to his main argument that he wants the reread to take away from the chapter. The sophistication of the passage establishes ethos as it has a sort of philosophical undertone which leads the reader to believe that whoever wrote the passage is intelligent and well informed about the topic. In this case he is referring to how a high IQ and intelligence don't always lead to success, in fact in many cases it doesn't. Lastly, by providing a quote that is relevant to his argument, he not only sets up chapter but he leaves the reader curious as how the quote connects to the chapter as a whole thus making them eager to keep reading.

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"But to Ericsson and those who argue against the primacy of talent, that isn't surprising at all.That late-born prodigy doesn't get chosen for the all-star team as an eight-year-old because he's too small. So he doesn't get the extra practice. And without that extra practice, he has no chance at hitting ten thousand hours by the time the professional hockey teams start looking for players. And without ten thousand hours under his belt, there is no way he can ever master the skills necessary to play at the top level." (41-42).

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"But to Ericsson and those who argue against the primacy of talent, that isn't surprising at all.That late-born prodigy doesn't get chosen for the all-star team as an eight-year-old because he's too small. So he doesn't get the extra practice. And without that extra practice, he has no chance at hitting ten thousand hours by the time the professional hockey teams start looking for players. And without ten thousand hours under his belt, there is no way he can ever master the skills necessary to play at the top level." (41-42).

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Gladwell includes this mode of writing after he blends one of his arguments into a real life example of an already successful individual/group. This passage is entirely logos and he incorporates this pattern similar to that of syllogism where there is a cause and effect in each statement which ultimately ties back to his main argument. This type of a writing serves as a very effective summary as it elevates the writing in a way that allows for a smooth transition to the next topic.

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"So far in Outliers, we've seen that extraordinary achievement is less about talent than it is about opportunity. In this chapter, I want to try to dig deeper into why that's the case by looking at the outlier in its purest and most distilled form--the genius. For years, we've taken our cues from people like Terman when it comes to understanding the significance of high intelligence. But, as we shall see, Terman made an error. He was wrong about his Termites, and had he happened on the young Chris Langan working his way through Principia Mathematica at the age of sixteen, he would have been wrong about him for the same reason. Terman didn't understand what a real outlier was, and that's a mistake we continue to make to this day." (76-77)

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"So far in Outliers, we've seen that extraordinary achievement is less about talent than it is about opportunity. In this chapter, I want to try to dig deeper into why that's the case by looking at the outlier in its purest and most distilled form--the genius. For years, we've taken our cues from people like Terman when it comes to understanding the significance of high intelligence. But, as we shall see, Terman made an error. He was wrong about his Termites, and had he happened on the young Chris Langan working his way through Principia Mathematica at the age of sixteen, he would have been wrong about him for the same reason. Terman didn't understand what a real outlier was, and that's a mistake we continue to make to this day." (76-77)

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By reading the first 90 pages of the book, it is evident that Gladwell transfers between different modes in which he incorporates different rhetorical strategies in order to persuade the reader that success goes much deeper than merit and handwork. In this passage he refutes the common misconception that a high IQ leads to success. In this passage he points out a logic fallacy in a study by conducted by Lewis Terman who believed that knowing a person's IQ was all that was necessary to predict his or her life success. He attempts to define an "outlier" by defining what an "outlier" is not and he does this by distinguishing between a "genius" and an "outlier" as he believes they are two completely different ideas.

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Quote ranges are (1-90)

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DUE DATES:
12/15- pg. 90 (Chapter III) ✔
12/21- pg. 177 (Chapter 6)✔

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When I grow up, there are a couple of things that I hope to accomplish. Among happiness and other things, one desire that stands above all is my desire to succeed. I have been brought up in a society that preaches that success is achieved through merit and hard work, but in his book Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell redefines success as something that is dependent upon much more than these two factors. After my mom introduced me to the book, I knew that if I wanted to be successful, reading this book would certainly help, which is why is mainly why I selected this piece.