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1. Accessibility: Cleanroom cost is too high. Use a good comparison of monthly gym member cost 50 and monthly clean room cost 10K for non-acedamic. And thus avoiding cleanroom manufacturing is a key factor.
2. Poor scalability: from research platform to commercial products

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Enabling microfluidcs from cleanroom to markerspaces cell 2017.pdf

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The origins and the future of microfluidics_George Whitesides_2006

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The origins and the future of microfluidics_George Whitesides_2006

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1. Four main fields for microfluidcs: molecular analysis, biodefence, molecular biology and microelectronics.
2. The field is centered on demonstrating concepts for these components (reagent, moving fluids, mixing). Especially on soft lithography of PDMS development and simple method to produce valvues, pumps. The fabrication time is less than 2 days for a device.
3. Applications at 2006: screen applications (ph value, ionic strength, composition)
4. No killer application emerged yet: Large volume analysis and new science and tech.

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Applications and obstacles in microfludics: most in biology 

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Applications and obstacles in microfludics: most in biology 

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Fluorescent label-free quantitative detection of nano-sized bioparticles using a pillar array.pdf

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Highly sensitive and automated enhanced Raman scattering based immunoassay for H5N1 detection with digital microfluidics .pdf

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mircofluidic templated multicompartment microgels for 3d encapsulation and pairing of single cells.pdf

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Soft robotic sleeve supports heart function.pdf

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This slides shows some ultrasound images of good/ injured muscles

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Ultrasound of muscle sport injuries: slides 

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Ultrasound of muscle sport injuries: slides 

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1. muscle images
* Ultrasound penetration length in muscle: Typical range for muscle ultrasound is 3.5-10MHz. 7.5 MHz shows good penetration and adequate spatial resolution for imaging.
2. chemical changes: phosphocreatine (PCr), ATP, inorganic phosphate (Pi)
3. muscle tension changes
4. sounds from pulled muscle feedback
5. blood flow
6. lengths compare to the good muscle

ultrasound therapy?

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1. The volumetric impedance phase shift spectroscopy (VIPS) device (Cerebrotech VisorTM, Cerebrotech Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA):
Waves are reflected back through the brain and then detected by the device. When a patient is having a severe stroke, the brain's fluids will change, producing an asymmetry in the radio waves detected by the VIPS device. The greater the asymmetry, the more severe the stroke.
http://www.cerebrotechmedical.com/us.php
https://www.biosciencetechnology.com/news/2018/03/rapid-portable-stroke-detection-device-92-percent-accurate
2. Wearable devices on different parts of body: https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2018/february/stretchable-electronics-a-game-changer-for-stroke-recovery-treatment/

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In this article, it shows that 43% of the patient who got the stroke actually has symptoms one week before. Probably comes from the mini stroke  (Transient ischemic attacks) and cause the artery is blocked. 500K people in USA is suffering TIA each year. Needs to go to hospital and perform CTscan, MRI for diagnose.