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Malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. Cancer cells grow out of control and invades surrounding tissues/ metastasizing distant areas of the body

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Hereditary hemochromatosis is a disorder that causes the body to absorb too much iron from the diet. The excess iron is stored in the body's tissues and organs, particularly the skin, heart, liver, pancreas, and joints

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HFE gene, C282Y, H63D, C282Y is the most important, When C282Y is inherited from both parents, iron is absorbed in the intestine from the diet and hemochromatosis can result.

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Early symptoms may include extreme tiredness (fatigue), joint pain, abdominal pain, weight loss, and loss of sex drive. As the condition worsens, affected individuals may develop arthritis, liver disease (cirrhosis) or liver cancer, diabetes, heart abnormalities, or skin discoloration

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Type 1 hemochromatosis is one of the most common genetic disorders in the United States, affecting about 1 million people. It most often affects people of Northern European descent. The other types of hemochromatosis are considered rare and have been studied in only a small number of families worldwide.

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Types 1, 2, and 3 hemochromatosis are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Type 4 hemochromatosis is distinguished by its autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.

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Several blood tests are needed to diagnose haemochromatosis. You'll have tests to check: the amount of iron in your blood and the amount of iron stored in your body

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phlebotomy to remove the iron, *Weekly therapeutic phlebotomy of 500 mL of whole blood (equivalent to approximately 200-250 mg of iron), Performed until iron-limited erythropoiesis develops, early dx is essential, avoid iron supplements, patient avoid or limit ETOH.

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The gene that causes hereditary hemochromatosis, called HFE, was identified on chromosome 6 in 1996.

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The American Hemochromatosis Society (AHS) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to educating the public, medical community and media by distributing the most current information available on hereditary hemochromatosis (HH).

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N/A

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A genetic disorder based on a single point mutation in which RBC's take the shape of a sickle cell.

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Defective gene, called a sickle cell gene. People with the disease are born with two sickle cell genes, one from each parent. If you are born with one sickle cell gene, it's called sickle cell trait. People with sickle cell trait are generally healthy, but they can pass the defective gene on to their children.

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Painful swelling of the hands and feet, Fatigue or fussiness from anemia, A yellowish color of the skin (jaundice) or the whites of the eyes (icterus)

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SCD affects approximately 100,000 Americans. SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 365 Black or African-American births. SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 16,300 Hispanic-American births. About 1 in 13 Black or African-American babies is born with sickle cell trait

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Sickle cell anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern

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Hematocrit test

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Antibiotics to try to prevent infections in younger children, Pain relievers for acute or chronic pain, Hydroxyurea, a medicine that has been shown to reduce or prevent several SCD complications. It increases the amount of fetal hemoglobin in the blood. This medicine is not right for everyone; talk to your health care provider about whether you should take it. This medicine is not safe during pregnancy, Childhood immunizations to prevent infections, Blood transfusions for severe anemia. If you have had some serious complications, such as a stroke, you may have transfusions to prevent more complications.

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In summary, in 1910, Herrick described an anemia characterized by bizarre, sickle-shaped cells. The role of deoxygenation was discovered in the 1920's by Hahn and Gillespie. The hereditary nature of the disease was suspected but not demonstrated until 1949 by Dr. James V.

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Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, Inc

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September is Sickle Cell Awareness month

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Those who have inherited mutations in their BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high risk of developing breast cancer.

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Most common symptom is a new lump or mass, Women- behind areola or in the upper, outer quadrant, Men- behind areola, Skin irritation or dimpling, Swelling of all or part of a breast, Lump in the underarm area, Pain, Nipple retraction, Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple, Nipple discharge ( other than breast milk)

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About 1 in 8 U.S. women (about 12%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime.

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Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern

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Breast exam. Your doctor will check both of your breasts and lymph nodes in your armpit, feeling for any lumps or other abnormalities, Mammogram, Removing a sample of breast cells for testing (biopsy), Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

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Surgery. An operation where doctors cut out cancer tissue, Chemotherapy. Using special medicines to shrink or kill the cancer cells. The drugs can be pills you take or medicines given in your veins, or sometimes both, Hormonal therapy. Blocks cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow, Biological therapy. Works with your body’s immune system to help it fight cancer cells or to control side effects from other cancer treatments.

Radiation therapy. Using high-energy rays (similar to X-rays) to kill the cancer cells.

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The first mention of cancer of any kind was a case of breast cancer documented in Egypt around 1600 BC. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, an ancient text found in 1860 in an Egyptian tomb, described eight cases of tumors or ulcers of the breast.

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American Breast Cancer Foundation

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Wanda Sykes, Robin Roberts, Christina Agglegate. October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month