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For any cipher, the most basic method of attack is brute force -- trying each key until the right one is found. The length of the key determines the number of possible keys, hence the feasibility of this type of attack. Encryption strength is directly tied to key size, but as the key size increases, so too do the resources required to perform the computation.

Alternative methods of breaking encryptions include side-channel attacks, which don't attack the actual cipher but the physical side effects of its implementation. An error in system design or execution can enable such attacks to succeed.

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Secret Key Cryptography (SKC): Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption; also called symmetric encryption. Primarily used for privacy and confidentiality.

Public Key Cryptography (PKC): Uses one key for encryption and another for decryption; also called asymmetric encryption. Primarily used for authentication, non-repudiation, and key exchange.

Hash Functions: Uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly "encrypt" information, providing a digital fingerprint. Primarily used for message integrity.

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With a symmetric algorithm, both encryption and decryption keys are the same, so the same key must be used to enable secure communication.
In asymmetric algorithm encryption, two separate but mathematically linked encryption keys are used. A public key is used to encrypt the data and can be distributed while the private key is used to decrypt the data and, therefore, is kept private.

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Encryption is an essential part of cybersecurity!

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Encryption is an essential part of cybersecurity!

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In cryptography, we start with the unencrypted data, referred to as plaintext. The plaintext is encrypted into ciphertext, which will in turn (usually) be decrypted back into usable plaintext. The encryption and decryption are based upon the type of cryptography scheme being employed and some form of a key.
We will learn more about types of encryption.

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How cryptography relates to cybersecurity overall ?

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How cryptography relates to cybersecurity overall ?

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Cryptography is essential to many models of cyber security. It applies algorithms to shuffle the bits that represent data in such a way that only authorized users can unshuffle them to obtain the original data. Most common cryptographic standards are open where the algorithms are known and published, but the clever mathematics makes it impractical to decode the shuffled bits. Symmetric encryption is a method of encryption involving the same key for both encryption and decryption. Public key encryption, which is not symmetric, is an encryption method that is widely used because of the enhanced security associated with its use.

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Cryptography should ensure that the messages that are received by the receiver are not altered anywhere on the communication path.

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It ensures that the message was originated from the originator claimed in the message

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Whenever we heard about cryptography, the first thing that comes to our mind is private communication through encryption. But there is more than that!

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It helps in protecting the privacy while sending the data from sender to receiver. On the receiver side, the data can be decrypted and can be brought back to its original form