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Napoleon is a crafty, manipulative pig who rises to power after the rebellion by disposing of his rival, Snowball. The pig who emerges as the leader of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Joseph Stalin, Napoleon uses military force (his nine loyal attack dogs) to intimidate the other animals and consolidate his power.

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An old boar who inspires the rebellion with his idea of a utopian society where all animals are free, Old Major is representative of both Marx and Lenin, whose ideals were twisted under Stalin's brutal rule.

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The pig who spreads Napoleon’s propaganda among the other animals. Squealer justifies the pigs’ monopolization of resources and spreads false statistics pointing to the farm’s success. Orwell uses Squealer to explore the ways in which those in power often use rhetoric and language to twist the truth and gain and maintain social and political control.

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The pig who challenges Napoleon for control of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Leon Trotsky, Snowball is intelligent, passionate, eloquent, and less subtle and devious than his counterpart, Napoleon. Snowball seems to win the loyalty of the other animals and cement his power.

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A large, strong cart-horse, Boxer is the hardest working animal on the farm, and devotes himself ceaselessly to the cause. Boxer's two mottos are "I will work harder", and "Napoleon is always right", demonstrating his unshakeable work ethic and blind devotion. Representative of the working class people under Stalin's rule, the pigs have Boxer sent to slaughter once he is too old and sick to continue working.

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A good-hearted female cart-horse and Boxer’s close friend. Clover often suspects the pigs of violating one or another of the Seven Commandments, but she repeatedly blames herself for misremembering the commandments.

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The pretty horse who pulls Jones' carriage, Mollie dislikes work and does not actively participate in the rebellion. Following the Battle of the Cowshed, she leaves the farm in order to be owned and pampered by humans once again.

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A donkey who has been on the farm for a very long time, Benjamin does not buy into the idealism of the rebellion, and continues to work just as he did before. The only animal who sees through the intentions of the pigs, Benjamin mostly keeps his opinions to himself, but interjects when he sees Boxer is being taken by a horse slaughterer.

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Owner of neighbouring farm Pinchfield, Frederick is described as tough and shrewd, and uses fake pound notes to pay Napoleon for timber. Frederick is representative of Adolf Hitler, who signed a neutrality pact with the Soviet Union but later broke it during WWII.

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The easygoing gentleman farmer who runs Foxwood, a neighboring farm. Mr. Frederick’s bitter enemy, Mr. Pilkington represents the capitalist governments of England and the United States.

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Jones is portrayed as a lazy, ineffectual drunk, representative of Tsar Nicholas II and the Russian royal family. The Manor Farm before the animals stage their Rebellion and establish Animal Farm. Mr. Jones is an unkind master who indulges himself while his animals lack food.

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The human solicitor whom Napoleon hires to represent Animal Farm in human society. Mr. Whymper’s entry into the Animal Farm community initiates contact between Animal Farm and human society, alarming the common animals.

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The poet pig who writes verse about Napoleon and pens the banal patriotic song “Animal Farm, Animal Farm” to replace the earlier idealistic hymn “Beasts of England,” which Old Major passes on to the others.

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Napoleon raises them specifically to be his own little private army: he takes them from their parents as puppies, says that he'll "make himself responsible for their education," and then raises them in isolation from the rest of the farm. No wonder they become little monsters.

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Three dogs, each of whom gives birth early in the novel. Napoleon takes the puppies in order to “educate” them.

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A raven who was Mr Jones' pet, Moses is exiled but returns some years after the rebellion. Moses tells the other animals that when they die they will go to Sugarcandy Mountain, a wonderful, heaven-like place. Representing religion, Moses is used by both sets of rulers to give the workers hope for reward after death, which makes them more likely to accept their lack of reward during life.