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Darfur, the Beginning of Something Bad 1

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Darfur, the Beginning of Something Bad 1

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There was a long brewing tension between the nomadic Arab herders and the sedentary Fur peoples and other agriculturalist in the late 1980s. There was some violence taking place but it was nothing compared to the eventual conflict that soon took place. In February of 2003 is when the real conflict broke out, two rebel groups, the JEM and SLA (the Justice and Equality Movement and  Sudan Liberation Army respectively) rose up against the Khartoum government claiming that they were being treated unfairly and that there was economic marginalization. The rebellion was lead primarily by non-Arab Muslims and was focused on the Arab government instead of directly attacking the rebel forces which lead to the Arab government to launch a widespread campaign that targeted the non-Arab tribes regardless of if they were civilians or rebel forces.

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The government was soon to send out Arab militia forces known as the Janjaweed and they were a force that was notoriously brutal to the non-Arab Muslims. The Janjaweed attacks invoked a 'slash and burn' policy that included killing, tormenting, and severely hurting people. The attacks also included  burning homes, stealing or burning food and livestock, and poisoning water wells and on top of all of that the government would attack the civilians from the sky with indiscriminate areal bombings. In September of 2004 the president of the united stated, George Bush, and the U.S. secretary of state Colin Powell declared what was happening in Darfur to be a genocide.

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In March of 2009 and July of 2010 the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants for President Omar al-Bashir for alleged crimes committed in Darfur. The list of alleged crimes committed included accounts of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. In 2013, the Sudanese government launched the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Many Darfuris who fled the genocide and went to Sudan reside in one of the 13 refugee camps in the eastern portion of Chad. There is approximately 360,000 people kept up in the camps currently. Some of the refuges have lived in these camps for ten plus years and are currently tight on resources, there are constant threats from both inside and outside the camp, and life is continuously getting more and more difficult for the refuges.

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The recommended ration portion per person per day is 2,100 calories. in the refugee camps, rations have been cut by a minimum of 60 percent. These cuts are due to both funding decrease and a budget that has been seriously impacted by the global increase in refuges and displaced peoples (a number that is at its highest on record at 60 million people). The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the WFP distributes approximately 800-850 calories per person per day. Although, the refugees typically go 40-45 days before receiving their monthly rations, and the rations that they do receive only last about a week opposed to the month that they are said to last. The environment in witch the refugees live in is typically very unsuccessful at generating income making their supplements to food rations very limited. The lack of jobs available due to restrictions on the refugees and the fact that the economy of these camps and their surrounding communities has simply not grown to withstand the refugee community. Many refugees are turning to "negative coping mechanisms" such as an increase in school dropouts, exploitation and abuse of women refugees, early marriage of young girls, increased stress and domestic violence among families, and many more incidents of theft and other activities that raise tension within and around camps.

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*"Darfur Genocide." Jewish World Watch . 12/4/18. May 2018 https://www.jww.org/conflict-areas/sudan/darfur/
*"Darfur Genocide" World Without Genocide. 12/3/18. November 2017 http://worldwithoutgenocide.org/genocides-and-conflicts/darfur-genocide
*"The Chaos in Darfur" International Crisis Group. 12/3/18. 29 September 2017 https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/sudan/chaos-darfur