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The propensity of SEM to promote reciprocity within levels and at times across levels to target a wide range of perspectives and depict dynamic relationships among the different levels

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Respect cultural diversity and provides comprehensive frameworks for understanding the multiple and interacting determinants of various health behaviors.

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Limitations:
1. Lack of participation to change environment.
2. Completing each construct before moving to the next. ( No skipping)

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Difficult to design an experimental design

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Health behaviors are maximized when policies and environments facilitate and support healthy behaviors

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SEM does not specify what variables/factors at the different levels is expected to be the most influential on behavior.

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Five Principles
1. There are multiple levels of influence on health behaviors
2. Environmental contexts are significant determinants of health behaviors
3. Influences on behaviors interact across levels
4. Ecological models should be behavior-specific
5. Multilevel interventions should be most effective in changing behaviors

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Does not have specific constructs like other theories such as the HBM,SCT etc which could also be seen as a strength that leads to the development of behavior speicific model.

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Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Institutional
Community
Policy

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It may not be feasible to design an intervention that affects all levels.

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provides a framework for integrating multiple theories while ensuring that the environmental and policy factors are considered.

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Unlike other models and theories that depend on individual level of influence, the social ecological model focuses also on the environmental and policy levels.

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What are limitations of SEM? How would you improve?

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What are limitations of SEM? How would you improve?

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How is SEM helpful for community health promotion theory and practice?

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How is SEM helpful for community health promotion theory and practice?

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What are specific levels and/or categories of ecological models of health? What are other key concepts of SEM (e.g., interactions of influence)? (Sallis)

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What are specific levels and/or categories of ecological models of health? What are other key concepts of SEM (e.g., interactions of influence)? (Sallis)