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1849,Harriet Tubman escapes to Philadelphia

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1849,Harriet Tubman escapes to Philadelphia

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Tubman encountered the Underground Railroad when escaping slavery from Maryland. Soon thereafter she became a ‘conductor’, safely leading family and friends to free northern states.

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The act required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state. The act also made the federal government responsible for finding, returning, and trying escaped slaves.

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An anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War”.

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. It also produced a violent uprising known as “Bleeding Kansas,” as proslavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote.

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The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on March 6, 1857, that having lived in a free state and territory did not entitle an enslaved person, Dred Scott, to his freedom. In essence, the decision argued that, as someone's property, Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in a federal court.

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1858, Abraham Lincoln debates Stephen Douglas

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1858, Abraham Lincoln debates Stephen Douglas

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Abraham Lincoln (Republican party presidential candidate) and Stephen Douglas (Democratic party presidential candidate) challenged each other in a series of 7 political debates; the most heated topic was slavery.

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John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was an effort by abolitionist John Brown, from October 16 to 18, 1859, to initiate a slave revolt in Southern states by taking over the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. It has been called the dress rehearsal for, or Tragic Prelude to, the Civil War.

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1860, Abraham Lincoln is elected president

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1860, Abraham Lincoln is elected president

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Abraham Lincoln was elected the 16th president of the United States over a deeply divided Democratic Party He was the first Republican to win presidency. Lincoln received only 40 percent of the popular vote but handily defeated the three other candidates.

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1860, South Carolina secedes from the Union

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1860, South Carolina secedes from the Union

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South Carolina became the first state to secede from the federal Union on December 20, 1860. The victory of Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 presidential election triggered cries for disunion across the slaveholding South. This cause the outbreak of the American Civil War.

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1861, The Confederate States of America is formed

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1861, The Confederate States of America is formed

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The Confederate States of America consisted of 11 states from the United States in 1860 after President Abraham Lincoln's election. Led by Jefferson Davis, from 1861 to 1865, the Confederacy struggled for legitimacy. After a crushing defeat in the Civil War, the Confederate States of America was no more.