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[T]he idea that what we say in one language can have
the same value (the same worth or function) when it is
translated into another language. The relation between
the source text and the translation is then one of
equivalence (“equal value”), no matter what the
relation is at the level of form, function, or anything in
between. Equivalence does not say that languages are
the same; it just says that values can be the same.
(Pym, 2010:6)

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Some things to appreciate on the topic of equivalence. 

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Some things to appreciate on the topic of equivalence. 

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- First, one needs to appreciate that the relationship between the building blocks of equivalence such as the form and content of any or all texts is arbitrary... Otherwise, there wouldn't be a need for translations. Ergo, equivalence would also not be something to consider.

- Then, we move on to appreciate that the sole employment of either formal or dynamic equivalence is not enough. We need to further consider the "why"... Hatim and Munday (2019:258) explain this why as contextual motivation.

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Firstly one must understand the concept equivalence that it refers to. translation of a text into TT paying attention to the context of TT. The principle of equivalence it helps to pass the meaning .Content refers to the level of lexical and semantic meaning of an expression.  with form  from one language to another in such a manner that the author intended the text. Equivalence may result in extreme focus on form and structure that may cause loss of sense of the text and its message to audience. Equivalence is a vital notion in the translation process which helps to approach the meaning and value of the translation process (Hatim & Munday, 2004:40).

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To many of us, equivalence and non-equivalence is still a weird concept to grasp. When trying to understand equivalence it is important to remember the definition of equivalence. "The idea that what we say in one language can have the same value (the same worth or function) when it is translated into another language..." (Pym, 2010:6). Therefore when translating it is important to remember that what appears in the ST must have the same value in the TT.

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First and foremost equivalence is the translation to translation of a text into TT by paying attention to the content of the TT audience without losing the intended function of the original message. Source-oriented formal equivalence translation aims to expose the original text in its original sense to the greatest degree possible. In terms of word use, grammatical units, and definitions, it will naturally stick close to the initial. It will try to keep the punctuation marks as well.(Nida and Taber, 1982:200).
According to Nida and Taber dynamic equivalence is a translation concept in which a translator attempts to interpret the original meaning in such a way that the TL wording has the same effect on the TC audience as the original wording did on the ST audience.(Nida and Taber, 1982:200).

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The core principles of equivalence:
According to Pym.2010,6,the fact of what is said in one language can be able to provide the same value( the same worth or function) when it is translated into another language. The connection between the source text and the translation become of equal value, despite what the connection is at the level of form, function, or anything in between. In conclusion, equivalence states that values can be the same,not that the languages are the same.

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32691610 MOOKO TH

there are 2 types of equivalence which are formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence, the formal equivalence's emphasis is on the message,in terms of both form and content. therefore there should be correspondence in the transference.
the dynamic equivalence is based on the idea of equivalent effect, the TT should as far as possible have the same effect on the TT-reader as the source text had on the original ST-reader.

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P Leeuw 30636914

“The concept that what we say in one language can have the same meaning (the same worth or function) when it is translated into another language, writes Pym (2010:6). No matter what the relationship is at the level of type, feature, or something in between, the relationship between the source text and the translation is one of equivalence (“equal value”). Equivalence does not imply that languages are equivalent; rather, it implies that values may be equivalent."
The formal equivalence approach emphasizes adherence to the original language's lexical descriptions and grammatical structure. A translation technique that is only used in cases where the ST type is inextricably related to the intended context and must be retaineDynamic equivalence uses a more realistic rendering style, but with less literal precision. A translation technique that employs a variety of adjustments in order to arrive at a wording that expresses ST meaning without violating TL linguistic and rhetorical norms in any way.

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The concept of equivalence is that there is an "equal value" between languages. This means that though the languages differ, their meaning can be the same - of equal value. There are different types of equivalence as well. For example -  Formal equivalence is a more literal form of translation, focusing on the form of the text. Dynamic equivalence is a freer form of translation, focusing on the message or the meaning of the text. Equivalence can also not be only dynamic or only formal. It will always be a bit of both, but it can be more formal than dynamic or more dynamic than formal. Regardless of the type thereof, the purpose of a translator is to achieve equivalence.

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It is important to remember that it is possible for languages to retain their value when they are translate. One can not simply assume that a certain type of equivalence is applicable to a text, but to also consider why this level of equivalence( Formal or dynamic) is suitable. The content of the text will influence what type of equivalence will be needed.

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The concept of equivalence is that there is an equal content between source text and target text. This means that even though the languages differ they can all have the same meaning. There are two types of equivalence and dynamic equivalence. Formal equivalence is a more literal form of translation focusing on the form of the text. Dynamic equivalence is a free form of translation, focusing on the content, meaning of the text. in conclusion equivalence states that values can be the same even though the languages are not the same.

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in terms of translation equivalence it is said that when translating from ST to TT , TT should carry the same meaning as the ST. There are two concepts that can lead us  to reach equivalence which is form  which is the shape or appearance  of the linguistic unit  in contrast to its content and also  content which is  the semantic meaning of the expression. we cannot be able to translate form but content can be translated and when form leads to content the text cannot be translated, untranslatability is reached. in other words form can be regarded as literal translation(word for word)  whereas content as free translation(sense for sense). when deciding which kind of  equivalence to be used the decision should always contextually motivated.

26428113 NGONO S.M

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"Equivalence is the idea that what we say in one Language can have the same value( the same worth or function) when it is translated into another Language" (PYM, 2010;6)

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There are two types of equivalence, dynamic and formal and it can be reached either on form-bound or content-bound text, it is reached when the ST is exactly the same as the message in TT after being translated.

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LESEGO BAREND 29258634
Equivalence is the central issue of translation; it is the concept that what we say in one language can be translated into another language and have the same meaning. Equivalence is built on the foundations of form and content.
Types of equivalence
1. Formal equivalence is concerned with preserving both form and content
2. Dynamic equivalence is concerned with preserving content

Each method has its own set of benefits and drawbacks. Through the translation process, formal equivalency strives to preserve the text's art and literature; it preserves the text's structure and sentence pattern and allows readers to see features such as poetic structure. The problems of formal equivalent include that readers frequently miss or fail to understand the true meaning and writers' thoughts as derived from the original text.

The goal of dynamic equivalence, on the other hand, is to transfer the spirit and meaning of the original text, providing the target text readers the same impression that the ST would have on its original readers. The loss of structure and artistic elements of the original text form, particularly in poetry sections, is one of the downsides of dynamic equivalence.

Some experts believe that equivalent can be considered a synonym for the translation process, while others argue that equivalent should not result in the text's core point being lost. Regardless of differing methodologies, equivalency is a crucial concept in the translation process, as it helps in approaching the meaning and value of the process in general.

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There is an equal content between source text and target text even though the first language differ to the second translating language, the text remain to have the same meaning. when the text is translated to another certain language, the should be the same value and worth.

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Formal equivalence:

Formal equivalence focuses on the need to pay attention to the form and content contained in the message. The so-called formal equivalence means that the message in the target language should be in accordance with the different parts in the original language.Formal equivalence intends to achieve equivalence between original text and translation text, and to some extent reflect the linguistical features such as vocabulary, grammar, syntax and structure of the original language which has great impact on the accuracy and correctness. One of the most typical translation is “Gloss translations”, which is closest to the original structure, and with attached comments to give readers a better understanding of the culture and custom.

Dynamic equivalence

Messages that are significant in both form and content need not only to be understood but also to be appreciated. And only when the translator could state the original features, he can achieve “dynamic equivalence”, which stressed the importance of transferring meaning, not grammatical form.In a word, “quality of a translation in which the message of the original text has been so transported into the receptor language that the response of the receptor is essentially like that of the original receptors.”
KGOSIEMANG OGONE 31857620

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E. Laas. 35061235

Equivalence refers to the value of one text in more than one language, meaning that it should have the same value in one language, as it does in another. There are two kinds of equivalence: Formal and Dynamic. Formal equivalenece focus more on the message while dynamic equivalence focus more on the meaning. It is important to know which is needed in your text.

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The Oxford English Dictionary defines equivalence as, "the condition of being equal or equivalent in value, worth, function etc.". What does it mean in the field of translation?
To have equivalence between the two languages during the translation process, the meaning of a linguistic unit in the SL must be the same in the TL. Chiefly there are two types of equivalence:

Formal equivalence is concerned with the form and content of the original text and aims to  provide the readers with a more thorough insight into the culture that may be evident and present in the original text. We can hence say that formal equivalence focuses more on the message that the original text contains.

Dynamic equivalence focuses more primarily on the correct transfer of meaning, and not the grammatical form and characteristics of the original text. With dynamic equivalence, we can say that it focuses more on the meaning of the original text, and not so much on the message.

Dylan Rabie
29900360

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Equivalence and some other issues in translation studies.

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Equivalence and some other issues in translation studies.

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Equivalence is the condition of being equal or equivalent in value, worth, function etc.
Form and Content are building blocks of equivalence.
Form refers to the shape or the appearance of the linguistic unit in contrast to it's content.
Content refers to the level of lexical and semantic meaning of an expression.
There are two types of equivalence.
Formal Equivalence involves purely formal replacement of one word or phrase in SL by another in TL.
Dynamic equivalence is when the ST needs some explication and adjustment.

Lebohang 31988334

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Formal equivalence: Nida explains that equivalence is influenced by the way that the message is transferred from the SL to the TL. This form of equivalence focuses on its form and content, and tries to preserve/keep the ST the same in the TT. Formal equivalence is heavily contextually motivated.     Dynamic equivalence: Nida explains that dynamic equivalence is purely focused on the content of the message that it being conveyed. Form is completely disregarded. The more content bound a text is, the more dynamic the equivalence will be. 

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Formal equivalence: Nida explains that equivalence is influenced by the way that the message is transferred from the SL to the TL. This form of equivalence focuses on its form and content, and tries to preserve/keep the ST the same in the TT. Formal equivalence is heavily contextually motivated.     Dynamic equivalence: Nida explains that dynamic equivalence is purely focused on the content of the message that it being conveyed. Form is completely disregarded. The more content bound a text is, the more dynamic the equivalence will be. 

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Kruger

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According to the Oxford dictionary, equivalence can be defined as something that is equal in value to something else. In translation studies equivalence is about finding an equal of words or phrases in order to translate from the source language to the target language.
Jakobson believes that equivalence comes in three types which is; intralingual, equivalence within a language, interlingual, equivalence between two languages and lastly intersemiotic, which is equivalence between non-verbal communication to verbal or vice versa.
According to Nida, there's two types of equivalence which is formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence.

N.NQUMBISA 28114493

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Equivalence is the idea that what we say in one language can have the same value(same worth or function) when it is translated into another language.

There are 2 types of equivalence:
1.Formal equivalence
2.Dynamic equivalence

Formal equivalence is also known as structural correspondence, it involves the purely ‘formal’ replacement of one word or
phrase in the SL by another in the TL.

Dynamic equivalence is used when the ST needs some explication and
adjustment (i.e. to promote comprehensibility when formal equivalence can
lead to unmotivated opaqueness).

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Equivalence is divided into 2 categories which is formal and dynamic Equivalence.
Explaining these 2 categories, formal equivalence is word to word aligned where by dynamic equivalence is sense to sense aligned.