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Acknowledged that opiate antagonists had shown positive results when used to help treat pathological gambling. A total of 284 participants with a diagnosis of pathological gambling formed the sample; two double blind placebo controlled tests meant to test how the positive results came about. The double blind nature of the test made it very valid, but the questionnaire involved in the test couldn't be 100% verified, as the researches had no way to know if they were telling the truth.

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Introduced idea of the feeling-state theory for impulse control disorders. Miller defined this idea as "the entire psycho-physiological arousal of the body and its connections with the memory of a specific behavior. In other words, the feeling state is a unit that is composed of the feelings associated with the behavior plus the memory of the behavior itself."

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The K-SAS is a 12 item questionnaire that is aimed at evaluating kleptomania symptoms. They use a variety of techniques such as Likert-type scales and closed questions to help evaluate how severe each case is. Higher score=more severe.

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Addiction is most usefully defined as a process with involvement in addictive behavior being placed upon a spectrum of severity of use and abuse. The way of determining addiction is to compare them against clinical criteria for substance addictions. Components include: salience, mood, modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse.

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When symptoms are present, doctors perform a complete medical history and physical examination. There are no physical tests that can be done to diagnose, but they can be effective in showing if a physical injury may play a role in causing it.

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When symptoms are present, doctors perform a complete medical history and physical examination. There are no physical tests that can be done to diagnose, but they can be effective in showing if a physical injury may play a role in causing it.

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While not necessary, kleptomania may also be treated with medicine--which research is starting to show positive results for.

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While not necessary, kleptomania may also be treated with medicine--which research is starting to show positive results for.

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Psychologists may also treat other disorders, such as anxiety and depression if present; as these can throw off chemical balances, making controlling impulses harder.

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Psychologists may also treat other disorders, such as anxiety and depression if present; as these can throw off chemical balances, making controlling impulses harder.

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Psychotherapy is the main treatment for impulse control disorders. The goal of the therapy is to help the afflicted person understand why they experience their urges, and how to act on them more appropriately

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Psychotherapy is the main treatment for impulse control disorders. The goal of the therapy is to help the afflicted person understand why they experience their urges, and how to act on them more appropriately

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Kleptomania can be categorized as a non-substance based addiction. This is understood by comparing what makes a substance based addiction an addiction, such as salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse. If all of these symptoms are present, it is safe to discern any behavior, even non-substance based ones as an addiction. 

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Kleptomania can be categorized as a non-substance based addiction. This is understood by comparing what makes a substance based addiction an addiction, such as salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse. If all of these symptoms are present, it is safe to discern any behavior, even non-substance based ones as an addiction. 

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Kleptomaniacs may exhibit compulsive behaviors, impulsivity, and intense pleasure after stealing. They typically steal for no reason other than the feeling associated with it, and the items tend to hold little to no value to them. Items stolen are often forgotten about, given to friends and family, or even secretly returned to the place they were stolen from. The urges can come and go, at varying intensities for a long time

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Kleptomaniacs may exhibit compulsive behaviors, impulsivity, and intense pleasure after stealing. They typically steal for no reason other than the feeling associated with it, and the items tend to hold little to no value to them. Items stolen are often forgotten about, given to friends and family, or even secretly returned to the place they were stolen from. The urges can come and go, at varying intensities for a long time

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Kleptomania is defined as the recurrent inability to resist an urge to steal items that one does not need or could otherwise afford

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Kleptomania is defined as the recurrent inability to resist an urge to steal items that one does not need or could otherwise afford