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wanted to establish a strong central government while also making it didn't have too much power- Fiona R

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wanted to establish a strong central government while also making it didn't have too much power- Fiona R

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go through congress -> 2/3 all houses must approve -> 3/4 of all states must approve

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go through congress -> 2/3 all houses must approve -> 3/4 of all states must approve

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Popular sovereignty = Power belongs to the people, not congress, not the state government

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The ratification of the new constitution was hard because all 13 states had to agree in order for it to be put written

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The ratification of the new constitution was hard because all 13 states had to agree in order for it to be put written

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The us was borrowing money to pay for the revolutionary war 

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The us was borrowing money to pay for the revolutionary war 

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The Preamble begins with "We the people of the United States", indicating the theory of popular sovereignty that the people are in charge of the country, not the state or congress governments.

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Balance of free speech and intellectual property, the courts job is to balance the power and answer the questions in the country based on the actions of the citizens in context of the constitution.
-eladio martin/ chris

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states have the power to govern their residents 

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states have the power to govern their residents 

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constitutional convention when congress is corrupt

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constitutional convention when congress is corrupt

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It dictates how people are elected. It was supposed to counteract the weakness of the Article of Confederation. The two-house system (Senate and Congress) was decided by wanting a balance between large and small states. Senators were appointed, not elected. It wanted to get rid of parties and partisanship but clearly failed.

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sets up the supreme court but doesn't say anything about the courts of appeal of trail appeals

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Natural Rights: Given by god or nature ; governments responsibility to protect (nature and god give them their rights not the law

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nine out of the thirteen states at the time had to approve the constitution before it really went into effect. when the constitution was drafted, they realized that the federal government had to be stronger.

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Meski
- Article 6 covers debt, religious tests for office and it establishes the constitution as the supreme law of the land
- Addressed debt because it is important for money borrowing during the revolutionary war.

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"full faith and credit" - unites the states under a single system

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"full faith and credit" - unites the states under a single system

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Before any new amendment was added they needed all 13 states to sign

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Before any new amendment was added they needed all 13 states to sign

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if the united states didnt pay those debts it would prove that they cannot be trusted

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if the united states didnt pay those debts it would prove that they cannot be trusted

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"We the people are sovereign the government is our servant"

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A court judgment in one state will apply in another such as if your marriage is recognized in one state it has to be recognized in all the other states too.

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A court judgment in one state will apply in another such as if your marriage is recognized in one state it has to be recognized in all the other states too.

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They can create an opinion, but the branch has no power to enforce it.  

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They can create an opinion, but the branch has no power to enforce it.  

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eladio/chris

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judiciary branch is the least scariest because it doesn't have an army or money, all it can do is hope that there decisions are accepted by the other branched

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a government that represent the people

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congress can propose an amendment with a 2/3 majority, or when 2/3 of state legislatures call for a constitutional convention

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The government didn't a lot of power and the constitution was gonna give it to them

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The government didn't a lot of power and the constitution was gonna give it to them

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Many states questioned if the new goverment was being given too much power

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Many states questioned if the new goverment was being given too much power

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Nobody is above the constitution they are at the highest rank

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Nobody is above the constitution they are at the highest rank

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protects the right to travel - citizens of one state can move to another and will still be granted the same rights as local citizens

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protects the right to travel - citizens of one state can move to another and will still be granted the same rights as local citizens

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Additionally, the people are considered sovereign and collectively dictate the service of the government on the defense of their rights naturally given to them and only temporarily controlled by government forces.

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The constitution itself didn't get to speak for we the people when it was proposed it wasn't until it was ratified by special conventions that had been elected for that purpose that it earned the right to speak for we the people as a whole

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citizens of one state can move, work or travel through one state and have the same rights as other citizens in that state

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citizens of one state can move, work or travel through one state and have the same rights as other citizens in that state

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Gives the president power to appoint supreme court by permission of the senate.

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Gives the president power to appoint supreme court by permission of the senate.

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The court depended on it's credibility because if American culture stops respecting laws then the court will have less power and force.

Chris/Eladio

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it says how candidates for elections are elected and it was made in order to give the government more central power because the founding fathers felt that the power between the states and the central government was unbalanced because the states had most of the power and the central government had little power over the country.

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denied african americans to be official citizens 

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denied african americans to be official citizens 

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framers knew that in the future there would have to be changes

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framers knew that in the future there would have to be changes

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framers included amendment process because they were aware of famously failed governments

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Meski
- had to show the US wast trustworthy in strong therefore they would have to pay off he debts

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Deals with stuff like religious freedom and debt.

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Deals with stuff like religious freedom and debt.

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It takes a special process not amend the constitution

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They feared that the state legislatures  would vote against it so they wanted to go to the people instead so the legislatures wouldn't have a chance to turn it down

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They feared that the state legislatures  would vote against it so they wanted to go to the people instead so the legislatures wouldn't have a chance to turn it down

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If you are a enslaved person who escaped to a state where slavery is illegal your slaveowner can come and bring you back to the state you came from.

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If you are a enslaved person who escaped to a state where slavery is illegal your slaveowner can come and bring you back to the state you came from.

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smaller states felt very strongly about ratification, but it was still hard to get nine states to agree.

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states couldn't combine with or split from other states without consent from everyone involved

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states couldn't combine with or split from other states without consent from everyone involved

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Meski
"supreme law of land" means that the constitution is the highest law

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Governments responsibility to protect the rights of the people and the US, government is servant to the people

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The president appoints justices, but the senate has to confirm on wether the law is constitutional or not. The branches are separate from each other but they are related by checking each other and making sure that everything is constitutional and right.

Chris/Eladio

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Meski
everyone is bound to the constitution

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Essence of constitutionalism: long periods of deliberation

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Government promise states they will aid them in keeping a central government

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Government promise states they will aid them in keeping a central government

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Hamilton and James Madison wrote the federalist papers trying to encourage the New York convention to ratify the constitution 

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Hamilton and James Madison wrote the federalist papers trying to encourage the New York convention to ratify the constitution 

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section 4 - a promise made by the federal government to protect it's states from an "invasion" from a hostile state

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section 4 - a promise made by the federal government to protect it's states from an "invasion" from a hostile state

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states cannot have a military or hereditary government even if voted on

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states cannot have a military or hereditary government even if voted on

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90% of the people voted against the constitution but the people of north Carolina grouped together because they were upset about there not being a bill of rights so instead of approving or disapproving they just waited to see the results

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90% of the people voted against the constitution but the people of north Carolina grouped together because they were upset about there not being a bill of rights so instead of approving or disapproving they just waited to see the results

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This article is what designates which powers a president has vs the power senate has. This article establishes the executive branch.

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The power belongs to the people not the government.

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Places like Greece, Rome,(small scale democracies) British parliament, others (partial scale democracies) did not have a ratified, written Constitution

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for an amendment to become a part of the constitution it has to be both proposed and ratified.

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The Constitution had 'earned' the right to speak in favor of the people because it was the first ratified written document of government dictation in history and had specifically solidified in its place at the hands of the people who wrote it.

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Article 2 establishes the executive branch of the government. This means it creates the president, who is eligible, how they get elected and what powers they have. The founders were afraid of a strong executive because of the monarchy. Wanted to concentrate executive powers in the hands of one person because that would be stronger in the long term. Virginia plan proposes a single executive who serves for 7 year term. Needs to be strong enough to get things done but not so strong that there is tyranny. Articles of confederation has congress as executive, but decided they need a separate executive. Some framers wanted executive who served for life, but that was too close to a King. Worried about single executive leading to monarchy again. The President is the commander in chief of the army and navy, can pardon, nominate certain high-ranking officials subject to advice and consent of senate. This includes supreme court justices. Can also negotiate treaties. Still disputes over Presidents power because of vesting clause. Changes in removal of power/removal of president over time and how much power the President has overall. Some powers Presidents have claimed from vesting clause it execution of statues, certain foreign affairs and emergency powers. Emergency powers includes repelling invasions, and argued they should be able to wage war. Modern presidents have argued they should be able to use military force overseas without congressional approval. They can sign or veto legislation, but vetoes can be overridden by congress. Can pardon for federal offences. Discretion in enforcing laws. Power to recommend legislation to congress. Informs congress about the state of the union. Presidents don't have much leverage over the courts, but they can appoint and nominate judges to the federal bench. No vetoes on judicial decisions. Can create executive orders. Each new president can choose to continue to undo the executive orders of past presidents.

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Article II of the constitution which establishes the executive branch of government.

Alexander Hamilton proposed an executive who served for life and people did not like that it sounded too much like a king for other framers

Framers considered: a president who answered to a council, they decided to concentrate executive authority in one person

Articles of confederation had congress acting as a plural executive

Powers of presidency: president commands army and navy, power to pardon, power to nominate people to the Supreme Court and other high positions