# data[].attributes.body
Microkernel - a mini software  that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an Operating System.
-low level address space management
-thread management

Example :
- IOS
- MAC OS

Advantages - ease of extending the OS , more security and reliable , more easier to port form o e hardware design to another .

Disadvantages - system call csn require a lot of protection mode changes , expensive to implement everything with new model.

Thank you !

# data[].attributes.body
MICROKERNEL is a mini software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS .
↪ low level address space managment
↪ thread management
↪ inter-process communication

for EXAMPLES : MAC OS X, Windows NT

🌱  Advantages
↪ ease of extending the OS
↪ OS is more easier to port form one hardware design to another
🌱 Disadvantages
↪ system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
↪ expensive to reimplement everything with a new model

# data[].attributes.body
❣ NUR FAEZATY BINTI ROSLAN
❣ 25DDTI8F1147
❣MICROKERNEL

🌼 A micro software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS.
🌼 Is a piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions.
🌼 Including lo-level address space management.
🌼 Provides the minimal number of mechanisms.
🌼 Thread managemant.
🌼 Just enough to run the most basic functions of a system.
🌼 Inter-process communication (IPC).

EXAMPLE :
👠 iOS
👠 Mac OS
👠 Windows NT.

ADVANTAGES :
🏍 Kernel does not determine OS environment.
🏍 Ease of extending the OS.
🏍 More security and reliable.
🏍 Extensible : add a new server to add bew OS functionality.

DISADVANTAGES :
🚴‍♀️ Expensive reimplement everthing with a new model.
🚴‍♀️ System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes.

# data[].attributes.body
👉🏻 a mini software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS

👉🏻 low level address space management

👉🏻 thread management

Example

🙏🏻MAC OS X

🙏🏻WINDOWS NT

Advantages

👏🏻 Ease of extending the OS

👏🏻 OS is more easier to port from one hardware design to another

Disadvantages

👎🏻 system calls can require a lot of protection mode cahnges

👎🏻 Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model

# data[].attributes.body
🐹 Microkernel

🌸 a micro software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
🌸 is a piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions
🌸 include 10-level address space management
🌸 provides the minimal number of mechanisms
🌸 just enough to run the most basic functions of a system

🐹 Example

🌸 Mac OS
🌸 Windows NT

🐹 Advantage

🌸 Ease to extanding the OS
🌸 More security and reliable

🐹 Disadvantage

🌸 System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
🌸 Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model

# data[].attributes.body
Microkernel: the near-minimum amount of software

• microkernel can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
• including lo-level address space management
• thread management
• inter-process communication(IPC)

Example:
• mac OS
• iOS

Advantages
• kernel does not determine OS environment
• extensible: add a new server to add bew OS functionality

Disadvantages
• system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
• expensive to reimplement everything with a new model

# data[].attributes.body
MICROKERNAL

is a piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions

features required to implement an operating system.

provides the minimal number of mechanisms

just enough to run the most basic functions of a system

EXAMPLE

1. Mac OS

2. Windows NT

ADVANTAGE

Ease of extending the OS

More security and reliable

DISADVANTAGE

Performance- system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes

Expensive reimplement everything with a new model

# data[].attributes.body
Microkernel

a  micro software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS

low level address space management

thread management

inter-process communication

Example

MAC OS X

WINDOWS NT

Advantages

Ease of extending the OS

OS is more easier to port from one hardware design to another

Disadvantages

system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes

Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model

# data[].attributes.body
Muhd Nazri Bin Md Salman

> The monolithic architecture is the most earliest and most common OS and directly communicate with other system

> OS/360
>VMS
>Linux

Advantages:
>Highly efficient
>Few calls from user's space

Disadvantages:
>Easily damaged
>Dificult to isolate

MICROKERNEL

>A mini software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
>Low level address space management
>Thread management
>Interprocess communication

Example

>Windows NT
>Mac OS

Advantages:
>Ease of extending the OS
>More security and reliable

Disadvantages:
>Perfomance
- System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
>Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model

# data[].attributes.body
❣ NUR FAEZATY BINTI ROSLAN
❣ 25DDTI8F1147
❣MONOLITHIC

💞 I came from Rengit Batu Pahat Johor.  My  target is to get A in exam Operating System.  I got B for subject mathematics in my SPM result.

🌷architecture monolithic :
*earliest and most common os
*can directly communicate
*example;  OS / 360, VMS,  LINUX

🌷advantage :
*highly efficient
*few call cross from user space

🌷disadvantage :
*sustable to damage
*difficult to isolate

# data[].attributes.body
Monolithic architecture is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate. For the example is OS/360,VMS,Linux. The advantage is highly efficient and few calls from user space. The disadvantage is sustable to damage and difficult to isolate.

# data[].attributes.body
🌸 Maisarah Adibah Binti Zainal
🌸 25DDT18F1143

🌸 I came from Bandar Baru Uda , Johor Bahru . My target is to get A in Operating System . I got C+ for subject maths in my SPM result .

🐹 architecture monolithic

🌸 earliest and most common os
🌸 can directly communicate
🌸 example ; OS/360 , VMS , LINUX

🐹 Advantage

🌸 highly efficient
🌸 few call cross from user space

🐹 disadvantage

🌸 sustable to damage
🌸 difficult to isolate

# data[].attributes.body
I came from Shah Alam, Selangor. My target is A in OS. My Mathematics in SPM is C and Add Math is G. Monolithic architecture is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate. For the example is OS/360,VMS,Linux. The advantage is highly efficient and few calls from user space. The disadvantage is sustable to damage and difficult to isolate.

MICROKERNEL
>The servers run in kernel space and some run in user space. All servers are kept separate run in different address spaces

(Advabtages)
●One servers fails , other servers can still work.
●Architecture of this kernel is small
●Expansion of the systems is easier
●Simply added in the systems application without disturbing the kernel.

(Disadvantages)
Slower processing due to additional message passing.

# data[].attributes.body
25DDT18F1139
I came from Mersing Johor
My target is A in Operating System
Mathematics A in SPM

Monolithic
-architecture is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate
Example
- OS/360
- VMS
- Linux

Advantage
-highly efficient
-few calls from user space

Disadvantage
-suitable to damage
-difficult to isolate

Microkernel
-piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions and features required to implement an operating system

Example
-Mac OS X
-Windows NT

Advantage
-Uniform interface
-Extensibility

Disadvantage
-Slower processing due to additional message passing
-Memory foot print is large

# data[].attributes.body
the monolithic architecture is the most earliest and most common OS and directly communicate with other system

OS/360

VMS

LINUX

advantages:

highly efficient

few calls from user’s space

disadvantages:

easily damaged by malicious codes and errant

difficult to isolate

# data[].attributes.body
Hi im ariq
Im from kulai,jb
my purpose being here to achieve to know well in this subject
math result:b+

# data[].attributes.body
Hi,i'm Loha from Ampang,Selangor.i've got A for Maths and D for add maths.I am dead serious to get an A+ in OS.😁

Monolithic architecture OS is the earliest and the most common OS.Directly communicate with few cost and can be easily damaged.Highly efficient.Examples of monolithic are OS/360,VMS,LINUX.                                                                               Microkernel-program allows communication between hardware and software.
Functions:
Abstraction-hardware access,scheduling,IPC
Arbitration-access privileges,preventing system crash.
Example: Mac OS X,Windows NT
Advantage:service does not require modifying the kernel, (b) it is more secure as more operations are done in user mode than in kernel mode, and (c) a simpler kernel design and functionality typically results in a more reliable
operating system
Disadvantage : (a) Excellent separation but poor performance
(b)Rest of the OS runs on user space
(C)system calls can require a lot of protection made changes

# data[].attributes.body
im from Cheras,Selangor

my target to get A in Operating System and all subject .
Math in SPM - C

MONOLITHIC

the monolithic architecture is the most earliest and most common OS and directly communicate with other system

OS/360

VMS

LINUX

advantages:

highly efficient

few calls from user’s space

disadvantages:

easily damaged by malicious codes and errant

difficult to isolate

# data[].attributes.body
Im yogarasi
From jb
A- for maths
E for add maths

Monolithytic-earlier common os,can directly communicate with other system

Example-os/360,vms and linux

Advantages-highly efficient,few calls ,not bz or interuption

Disadvantages-diffult to isolate (need special place to isolate )easy to damage (errant /error) or malicious code

# data[].attributes.body
Monolithytic-earlier common os,can directly communicate with other system

Example-os/360,vms and linux

Advantages-highly efficient,few calls ,not bz or interuption

Disadvantages-diffult to isolate (need special place to isolate )easy to damage (errant /error) or malicious code

# data[].attributes.body
My name is Muhammad Nur Luthfi bin Mahriz
I’m from Batu Pahat ,Johor
I got B for Math and G for addmath
My target from this OS subject is to get A

Monolithic: earliest and common OS
example:OS/360

The advantages:
-highly efficient
-few call cross from user space

The disadvantages:
-easily damageby malicious codes and errant
-difficult to issolate

# data[].attributes.body
I am from Negeri Sembilan .

My purpose of joining DDT is to get more knowledge of Technologies and more . Also want to be a professional programmer with a lots of knowledge of technologies .

I'm actually taking Multimedia Production when I was at Secondary school and got A- for Multimedia Production subject . And C+ for Maths .

My target is to get all A's at all subject in DDT, insyaallah .
___________
OS : ARCHITECTURE
MONOLITHIC is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate.
~ EXAMPLES : OS/360, VMS, Linux.
~ advantage : highly efficient and few calls from user space.
~ disadvantage : easily to damage (errant/error) and difficult to isolate.

# data[].attributes.body
Hello..vejaya darsini here...
Im frm kota tinggi...
Maths-C+

# data[].attributes.body
Hi puvanes here..im frm skudai
Mt:c+

# data[].attributes.body
My name is kavintheran a/l Chandrasekaran
I am from Shah Alam,Selangor.
My purpose is to be a professional hacker.
In spm i get A in mathematics and D in my add maths.

The Monolithic is earlier and most common OS.Example: linux and os
Adventages is highly efficient and disadvantages is difficult to isolate/seperate, easily to damage.

MICROKERNEL
a microkernel is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system. These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication.

ADVANTAGES
-Strong  protection
-Mostly hardware agnostic
-Easy extension to multiprocessor and distributed system

DISADVANTAGES
- Perfomance
- System calls can require a lot of protection mode
changes (next slide)
- Expensive to reimplement everything with a
new model
- OS personalities are easier to port to new
hardware after porting to microkernel, but
porting to microkernel may be harder than
porting to new hardware
- Bad past history
- See IBM Workplace OS story

EXAMPLE
-Mac Os X
-Windows NT.1

# data[].attributes.body
My name is Nerushan s/o Jeyakumar.
I live at Pontian,Johor.
My aim is to be a professional hacker
In Spm i get C+ in Mathematics  .
The monolhytic is earlier and most common os.example:os/360 vms and linux.
The advantage is high efficient and the disadvantage is difficult to isolate and separate easy to damage.

Microkernel
-A microkernel is a piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions and features required to implement an operating system.

It provides the minimal number of mechanisms, just enough to run the most basic functions of a system, in order to maximize the implementation flexibility so it allows for other parts of the OS to be implemented efficiently since it does not impose a lot of policies.

Example
-Mac Os X
-Windows NT.1

Advantages
-Mostly hardware agnostic
-Strong protection
-Easy extension to multiprocessor and distributed system

Disadvantages
• Performance
- system calls can require a lot of protection mode
changes (next slide)
• Expensive to reimplement everything with a
new model
- OS personalities are easier to port to new
hardware after porting to microkernel, but
porting to microkernel may be harder than
porting to new hardware
• Bad past history
- See IBM Workplace OS story

# data[].attributes.body
My name is Tarsiga but u all can call me Tarsha☺. I'm from Puchong, Selangor. Got B+ for Maths... I will get good results in OS😉

# data[].attributes.body
My name is Tam Yu Heng.I come from Bahau,Negeri Sembilan. I
got B for maths.The monolithic is the most earlier and most common os.The advantage of monolithic is highly efficient,few calls.The disadvantage of monolithic is easily to damage, difficult to isolate seperate.

Microkernel
Properties of Microkernels
• Design Philosophy: protected kernel code
provides minimal “small, clean, logical” set of
abstractions
• Tasks and threads
• Virtual memory
• Interprocess communication
• Everything else is a server process running
at user-level
• Examples: Mach, Chorus, QNX, GNU Hurd

Microkernel Advantages
• Extensible: add a new server to add new OS
functionality
• Kernel does not determine operating system
environment
- Allows support for multiple OS personalities
- Need an emulation server for each system (e.g.Mac, Windows, Unix)
- All applications run on same microkernel
- Applications can use customized OS

Microkernel Disadvantages
• Performance
-System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
• Expensive to reimplement everything with a
new model
-OS personalities are easier to port to new
hardware after porting to microkernel, but
porting to microkernel may be harder than
porting to new hardware
• Bad past history
-See IBM Workplace OS story

# data[].attributes.body
Im from Johor Bahru, My target in PMJ is get A on all subject. Math Spm result is A and my addmath result is D. I hope can be the best student in PMJ 2018 ✨🌹 Thank You ☺
Architecture :

1) Monolithic
🌸Is the earliest & most common OS & also can directly communicate.
🌸 Example : Os/360, VMS, Linux
🌸 The ADVANTAGES is highly efficient & few calls from user space.
🌸 The DISADVANTAGES is easily to damage and difficult to isolate.
2) Microkernel
☘️ A mini software that can provide the mechanims needed to implement an OS
☘️ Low level address space management
☘️ Thread management
☘ Process communication
☘️ Example : MAC OS X, WINDOWS NT.
☘️ ADVANTAGES ~
1) Ease of extending the OS.
2) OS is more easier to port form one hardware design to another.
☘️ DISADVANTAGES ~
1) System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes.
2) Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model.

# data[].attributes.headline
Raja iqbal hakim bin raj abdul rahman 🙏🏻

# data[].attributes.subject
Raja iqbal hakim bin raj abdul rahman 🙏🏻

# data[].attributes.body
Hi my name is Raja iqbal hakim bin raja abdul rahman, im from johor bahru johor, my target about os class is to study smart and get an A+ in the subject, my mathematics grade is C
Monolithic is the early most common os
Can directly communicate with other systems
Highly efficient
Few calls cross from user space
Difficult to icolate
Easily to damage
Example - VMS, OS/360, LINUX

# data[].attributes.body
Living in Skudai , Johor bahru .
My target for OS is A.
Maths - A
Add Maths - E

Monolithic : ealier , most common , can directly communicate .
Example : OS / 360 , VSM , LINUX
Advantages : Highly efficient , few call cross from user space.
But , easily to damage cause of error or malicious code & difficult to isolate .

# data[].attributes.body
My name is Muhd Nazri Bin Md Salman
I stayed at Pontian
My aim for this sem get excellent for all subject
Got C+ for math

# data[].attributes.body
- come from Batu Pahat, Johor
- target for this subject of course "A"
- got "B" for math on my SPM

Monolithic
- monolithic architecture is the most earliest and the most common OS and directly communicate with other system

Example
- VMS
- OS/360
- Linux

Advantages
- highly efficient
- few calls
- not busy or interruption

Disadvantages
- difficult to isolate (need speacial plate to isolate)
- easy to damage (errant/error) or malicious code

Microkernel
- a  micro software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
- low level address space management
- thread management
- inter-process communication

Example
- windows NT
- macOS X

Advantages

- OS is more easier to port from one hardware design to another
- Ease of extending the OS

Disadvantages

- expensive to reimplement everything with a new model
- system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes

# data[].attributes.body
🌸my name is puteri nurfadzlyn , u guys can call me Lyn.
🌸 I come from Pahang. I want to learn more about IT. My target is to get A for any subject. My math SPM result is B. and I hope I can success at Politeknik Mersing Johor😊

ARCHITETURE
1)Monolithic
•The most earliest and most common OS and directly communicate with other system
Example: - OS/360
-VMS
-Linux
>Advantage :
•highly efficient
•few calls from user’s space
>Disadvantage:
•easily damage
•dificult to isolate

2)Microkernel:
•A mini software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
•thread management
•interprocess communication
Example: - Mac OS
-Windows NT
>Advantage:
• ease of extending the OS
• OS is more easier to port form one hardware      design to another
>Disadvantage:
• system calls can require a lot of problem mode changes
•expensive to reimplement everything with a new model

# data[].attributes.body
25DDT1E

# data[].attributes.body
⛳My name is Mohammad Zainiddin bin Ahmad
⛳I come from Port Dickson,Negeri Sembilan
⛳My target is to get A for this OS subject
⛳In Spm i get A in Mathematic

🥋мonolнyтιc :

🏆Definition
⛳earlιer coммon oѕ ,
⛳can dιrecтly coммυnιcaтe wιтн oтнer ѕyѕтeм

🏆eхaмple :
⛳oѕ/360
⛳ vмѕ
⛳ lιnυх

🏆advanтageѕ :
⛳нιgнly eғғιcιenт,
⛳ғew callѕ,
⛳noт вz or ιnтerrυpтιon

🏆dιѕadvanтage :
⛳dιғғιcυlт тo ιѕolaтe(need ѕpecιal place тo ιѕolaтe)
⛳eaѕy тo daмage (erranт/error ) or мalιcιoѕ code

🥋ᴍɪᴄʀᴏᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ

🏆ᴅᴇғɪɴɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴍɪcroᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ (also known as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of sᴏғᴛᴡᴀʀᴇ that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ (OS). These mechanisms include low-level ᴀᴅʀᴇss sᴘᴀᴄᴇ management,ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴅ management, and ɪɴᴛᴇʀ-ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ(IPC).

🏆ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ :
⛳ᴍᴀᴄ ᴏs x
⛳ᴡɪɴᴅᴏᴡs ɴᴛ
⛳ɪᴏs

🏆ᴀᴅᴠᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴇs :
⛳ᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ ᴅᴏᴇs ɴᴏᴛ ᴅᴇᴛᴇʀᴍɪɴᴇ ᴏs ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛ
⛳ᴇᴀsᴇ ᴏғ ᴇxᴛᴇɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏs
⛳ᴍᴏʀᴇ sᴇᴄᴜʀɪᴛʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ʀᴇʟɪᴀʙʟᴇ
⛳ᴇxᴛᴇɴsɪʙʟᴇ : ᴀᴅᴅ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴅᴅ ғᴇᴡ ᴏs       ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟʟʏ
⛳ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴇᴀsɪᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ᴘᴏʀᴛ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴏɴᴇ ʜᴀʀᴅᴡᴀʀᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ

🏆ᴅɪsᴀᴅᴠᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴇs :
⛳sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ᴄᴀʟʟs ᴄᴀɴ ʀᴇǫᴜɪʀᴇ ᴀ ʟᴏᴛ ᴏғ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴍᴏᴅᴇ ᴄʜᴀɴɢᴇs
⛳ᴇxᴘᴇɴsɪᴠᴇ ᴛᴏ ʀᴇɪᴍᴘʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴇᴠᴇʀʏʜᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʟ

# data[].attributes.body
My name is Mohamad Rafizzi Bin Abdul Karim. I'm from Batu Pahat, Johor. My purpose of joining DDT is to become progammer/hacker and app and software developer. I got C+ for modern math. My aim for this sem is to get 4.0 hehehe. Nice to meet you :)

MONOLITHIC ARCHITECTURE

The monolithic architecture is the most earliest and most common OS and directly communication with other system

Example:

OS/360
VMS

Advantages:

-High efficient
-Few calls from user's space
Disadvantages

-Easily damaged by malicious code
-Difficult to isolate

MICROKERNEL

Definition:
In computer science, a microkernel is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS).These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication (IPC).

Example:
Mac OS X
Windows NT

Advantages :
-Ease of extending the OS
-More security and reliability
-OS is more easier to port from one hardware design to another

# data[].attributes.body
my name is azmeer arshad

i’m from johor bahru

my purpose of joining DDT is to pursue my ambition to be a professional Programmer/Hacker/software developer

my aim for this sem is obviously 4.0 FOR THE WINNNN

i got C+ for modern math

# data[].attributes.body
I come from Pasir Gudang Johor Bahru
25DDT18F1158
My target is get A in Operating systems class
My Mathematic spm is C

MONOLITHIC
>Architecture is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate with other systems

Example:
-Os,360,VMs, Linux

(Advantage)
-Highly efficient
-Few calls from user space

(Disadvantage)
-Suitable to damaged
-Difficult to isolate

MICROKERNEL
>The servers run in kernel space and some run in user space. All servers are kept separate run in different address spaces

(Advabtages)
●One servers fails , other servers can still work.
●Architecture of this kernel is small
●Expansion of the systems is easier
●Simply added in the systems application without disturbing the kernel.

(Disadvantages)
Slower processing due to additional message passing.

# data[].attributes.headline
Give your introduction about yourself (name, hometown, target in this OS class and Mathematics). Discuss the architecture of Operating System (Monolithic and Microkernel

# data[].attributes.subject
Give your introduction about yourself (name, hometown, target in this OS class and Mathematics). Discuss the architecture of Operating System (Monolithic and Microkernel

# data[].attributes.body
25DDT18F1164
I am raziq from Kota Tinggi, Johor. My target for Operating System (OS) is A. My target for Mathematics is A.

The monolithic is earlist and most common OS and can directly  communicate.Example is OS/360, VMS and LINUX.
Advantages :
- simple and easy
- faster execution due
to direct access

Diadvantages :
- addition of new
features
- security issues are
always there
because there is
no isolation among