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Jethro, Ben, Cameron and Jason

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Steppe AKA StepLadder AKA Staples AKA Steve AKA Stephan AKA Stefan.
ROI CHOI
Nehad Cina
Waiz Guy -> YZ
MATTY boulious maxiumus decimus aurelious

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Henry, Lewis, Callum and Daniel :)

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- Main cause was the cold war
- Spies found Castro was having arms supplied by the USSR
- Americans feared a surprise attack from Cuba
- Cuba had relations with the Soviet Union, America was fighting against the Soviet Union in the Cold War
- America intended to " forestall communism's spread by taking over Cuba"

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Operation Mongoose, or the Cuban Project was a CIA operation to remove the Communists from Cuba on November 30th 1961.

US feared that Castro would raise the rent price of the US possession of Guantanamo Bay, and the fact that although Castro was not a communist himself, he was allowing the presence of a communist party and the spreading of communist ideology.

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Imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14 1958. This was during the Batista regime.
President Kennedy on Feb. 3, 1962, established the embargo against Cuba to reduce "the threat posed by its alignment with the communist powers."
The embargo, known among Cubans as "el bloqueo" or "the blockade,"
The US put up the embargo after the Batista regime had nationalised american-owned oil refineries without compensation.
The armed conflict between Castro's revolutionaries and Batistas government army violated U.S. policy which had permitted the sale of weapons to Latin-American countries

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The arms embargo had more of an impact on Batista than the rebels.

The Cuban people lost their primary source of income, exportation of sugar cane.
the embargo is currently costing the United States economy $1.2 billion per year
95% decrease in Cuba's sugar quota, which canceled roughly 700,000 tons of the 3,119,655 tons previously allotted to the United States.-> I Like tUrTLeS
This meant Cuba was suffering heavily as there was a strong reliance on the successes of the Sugar industry.

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The Economic impacts of the U.S. embargo on Cuba are the monetary long-term and short-term outcomes that the embargo has had on both countries in relation to trade, industry, and the creation of wealth.

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1961 April 15th (Day 1) - several airplanes, piloted by Cuban exiles bombed Cuban airfields

1961 April 16th (Day 2) - Cuban exiles regrouping and revise strategies

1961 April 17th (Day 3) - first landing craft reached the shore

1961 April 18th (Day 4) - invaders were outnumbered and surrounded by Cuban army consisting of 20,000 Cubans and only 1400 invaders (Cuban exiles). 1200 dead and 2000 wounded

1961 April 19th (Day 5) - six unmarked American fighter planes took off to protect the Cuban exiles on the ground as they were outnumbered however they arrived an hour late as they were confused by the timezones and shot down by the Cubans which brought the invasion to an end.

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Operation Mongoose was a secret program against Cuba aimed at removing the Communists from power, which was a prime focus of the Kennedy administration. It was a CIA driven operation announced by President Kennedy in 1961.  government formally authorised the operation on March 17, 1960 when President Eisenhower signed off on a CIA paper entitled.  From March through August 1960, the CIA had plans aimed at undermining Castro and his appeal to the public by sabotaging his speeches. Four major forms of action were to be taken to aid anti communist opposition in Cuba at the time. These all were part of the Operation Mongoose. These were to:
1. provide a powerful propaganda offensive against the regime
2. Perfect a covert intelligence network within Cuba
3. Develop paramilitary forces outside of Cuba.
4 Get the necessary logistical support for covert military operations on the island.

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Farhan, Nathan, Jeffrey, Remi, Gulzar, Alex

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The main cause of the Cuban missile crisis was that the Soviet Union wanted to move Soviet missiles into Cuba. However, due to President Kennedy (JFK), hearing about this, he enacted a naval blockade around Cuba. He made it clear that the US was prepared to use military force. This caused a 13 day political and military stand-off.

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Source: https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cuban-missile-crisis

After seizing power in Cuba, Fidel Castro aligned himself with the Soviet Union, for military and economic aid. Due to this, the US automatically aligned Castro with communism.

As the Cold War progressed, the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev decided to send missiles to Cuba to increase Russia's nuclear capability. This was due to the fact that Russia was not feeling safe with Nuclear weapons targeted at them from western Europe and Turkey.

Kennedy & EXCOMM (his team of administers) determined that the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba was unacceptable. What they were trying to accomplish was to remove the missiles without initiating a wider conflict, and the possibility of nuclear war.

One of the options presented was a full scale bombing attack and invasion of Cuba, but Kennedy ultimately decided on a more measured approach via establishing the blockade.

On October 24th, 1962, Soviet ships bound for Cuba had been nearing the line of US vessels that made up the blockade. Because both sides realized that open confrontation would most likely result in nuclear war, both Kennedy and Khrushchev refused to initialize movement against each other, therefore resulting in the deal of denuclearizing Cuba and Turkey.

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-On 7th April, 1964, the SGA officially ended operations against Cuba.
-(President) Lyndon B. Johnson abandoned the goal of eliminating Castro.

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The Cuban Missile crisis came to a close as Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed to remove Russian missiles from Cuba in exchange for a promise from the United States to respect Cuba's territorial sovereignty.

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- The US had immensely undervalued the strength of Castro's military power.
- The Bay of Pigs was a personal accomplishment of Castro and a fiasco for the US
- For the first time the revolution was publicly announced as a socialist revolution
- On May 1, 1961 Cuba was proclaimed to be a "Marxist-Leninist state"
- In October 1961, Kennedy introduced a total blockade on Cuba
- this VICTORY ROYALE could not come at a better time as Cuba were suffering economic difficulties and depletion of food resources

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American Trade Embargo surrounding Cuba.

This source effectively depicts the situation surronding Cuba and the American imposed trade embargo.

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Source A is a reconnaissance photo taken by US drones, showing that there were missiles in Cuba.

This outlines possible dangers that Cuba could have as the missiles were in range of US territory.