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was an American chemist who made landmark experiments in the origin of life by demonstrating that a wide range of vital organic compounds can be synthesized by fairly simple chemical processes from inorganic substances.

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German geophysicist who proposed the theory of continental drift (1880-1930)

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DNA may be the most famous molecule in the world today, but it came to the attention of scientists rather late in the history of biology

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He found several species of finch adapted to different environmental niches.

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alfred russel wallace evolution - Google Search

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Taxonomy is the part of science that focuses on naming and classifying or grouping organisms.

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Note that, while he does propose natural selection and puts forth a non-creationist view of nature, he doesn't really propose a theory which is similar to evolution.

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He originated the theory of uniformitarianism—a fundamental principle of geology—that explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time

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In 1859, Charles Darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation.