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A explorer named Zhang Qian his often called father of the Silk Road, he traveled between China and western neighbors. Zhang Qian brought back words from places like Persia, Syria, India, and Rome.

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Silk as good trade

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Silk was a very valuable item that they traded. The Chinese wanted to hade the material that the silk was made.

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They saw the silk while battling with an enemy. The Chinese were unfamiliar with the glass products so they traded their silk for it. The romans were very happy to trade for the silk

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Monsoon-a strong wind that brings heavy rain to Southern Asia in the summer
Plateau-A flat area of land that is elevated,or raised,above the land around it.
Glacier-A huge mass of ice that slowly slides over a land area

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Capital: a city that is the center of government
Tribute: Wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sigh that the other is superior
Siege: a military blockade and attack on a city to force it to surrender
Aqueduct: a pipe or channel that brings water from distant places
Bas-relief: a sculpture in which the image projects out From a flat surface
Astronomy: the study of stars and planets

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Artifact: Man made object for example a twelfth centry horn.

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Homo Habilis are handy man that lived about 1.5 to 2 millions years ago.Hominids lived in groups and combinations of apes and human features.

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They where  about 3 feet tall  and when we evolved we where 6 feet tall.

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Australopithecus lived in africa about 3 million to 4 million years ago.

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Australopithecus lived  4 million years ago.
Homo Habilis lived 2 million years ago.
Homo sapiens Neanderthalenis lived 1 million years ago.
Homo sapiens lived about 1 million years to 100,000 years ago.
Homo sapiens sapiens lived 35,000to 12,000 years ago.
Homo Erectus lived 1.8 million to 200,000 years ago.

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What was interesting was that we evolved from small animals to big and tall humans .

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In this chapter we learned about archeologists, historians,geographers .

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In this chapter you learn about five hominids groups.

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Domesticated: to train a wild animal to be useful to animal
Agriculture: the business of farming
Trade: the business of buying and selling or exchanging items
Ore: a mineral mined for its valuable uses

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Paleolithic lived for over 2 million years age.

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Paleolithic got there food by hunting and gathering. They collected wild berries and other plants to eat. Some of them we call them hunter-gatherers.

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The Paleolithic house where made out of wood and straw and rocks some where made out of bones.

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The New Stone Age they lived over 1,000years they had crops like wheat,barley,lentils,flax and,all crops grown in today’s society.they also domesticated sheep,cattle,pigs and goats as food sources.The Neolithic 3(PN)began around 6,400 BC they settled in the Fertile Crescent.Their houses were round and rectangular shaped and they had ladders to climb.

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They gathered seeds and plants and they hunted for meat. They got milk from goats and cows. They used donkeys to carry food. They also killed there goats and cows for meat.

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Living in communities people always organize them self. They each do one job to another.Some grew food ad made tools and maybe even houses

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With stable food supplies they also have a lot of different jobs like farming for the crops and making blankets and clothes so people can wear them.People also make baskets and people made tools too.Traders traded Items with other traders kind of like how you trade pokemon in the games for different ones

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Social Structure-The way a civilization is organized
Technology-The use of tools and other inventions for practical purposes
Status-IMPORTANT
Chariot-a two-wheeled vehicle pulled by a horse
Scribe-A person who writes
Ziggurat-an acient Mesopotamian temple tower
Arch-an upside down U or v shaped structure that supports weight above it,as in a doorway
Cuneiform-writing that uses wedge shaped characters
Pictograph-a symbol that stands for an object

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1-Stable Food Supplies for people so they can survive
2-a social structure that has different social levels and jobs
3-a system from the government,so that life for the society is ordinary
4-some are religious groups the wanna create a civilization
5-Some people also have to stay strong

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There are classes,like upper ones,commen,and the slaves,The upper class had everything you could wish for in those times,commens were like workers they worked with all types of ore and materials and some were farmers,they also had their own land.

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Gods ruled Sumerian and chose kinds to rule around the whole world.sumerian kinds build temples.And they led their army into  war.the systems for them.Some soilders walked on foot and others rode horses.

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A religious group or system they all set things they believe inlike  god or gods.The Sumerian built temples and towers to show their religious belifs.The towers were called ziggurats.the towers were made from mud bricks and other stuff.It was a kings job to build and maintain these buildings.

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  Akkadian Empire:                                                          When did this empire take place?

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  Akkadian Empire:                                                          When did this empire take place?

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For 1,500 years, Sumer was a land of independent city- states.
Then, around 2300 B.C.E., the Akkadians conquered the land.
The Akkadians came from norther Mesopotamia.
They were led by a great king named Sargon.
Sargon became the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire.
Who was the ruler of the Empire?
Sargon rules his empire for 56 years.
During that time, he made the city of Agade  in northern, Mesopotamia the Empire’s capital.

Describe what type or leader Sargon was
Sargon of Akkad ( also known as Sargon the great, Shar- Gani, spSharri, and sarra- Kan meaning “ True king” or “ Legitimate king”) reigned in Mesopotamia from 2334 to 2279 BCE. He is equally famous today as the Enheduanna.

What achievement did the Akkadians have?
It’s believed that this ancient empire began around 2350 BCE and ended around 2170 BCE. Sargon the Great became the first ruler of the Empire After conquering the land from Lugao - Zage - si. During his five decades of ruling, Sargon went on to take over much of the surrounding land, thus creating the Akkadian Empire.

When and why did the empire eventually break down?
Sargon had hoped that his empire would last for a thousand years. But later kings found it difficult to rule such a large territory. The empire became weaker and weaker. After about 200 years, the Akkadian Empire fell to new invaders from the north.

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This Empire takes place in the 24th and 25th centuries
The Ruler of this Empire is Tiglath-Pileser
They were known for their famous army and one of the most powerful empires in the world
People had a fear of them because they were very brutal
Their achievements are that they had the largest standing army and they defeated Mesopotamia
Their empire ended because the Babylonian defeated them in 609 BC

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They took place in 626 BC
The person that ruled the Neo-Babylonian Empire was Nebuchadnezzar II

What did he do for his Empire?Nebuchadnezzar was the eldest son and successor of Nabopolassar, an Assyrian official who rebelled and established himself as king of Babylon in 620 BC; thedynasty he established ruled until 539 BC, when theNeo-Babylonian Empire was conquered by Cyrus theGreat.

What did this Empire accomplish
There are several important artistic and cultural achievements of ancient Babylon. The old Babylonian empire reached its greatest height under the leadership of Hammurabi. His great cultural contribution was the Code of Hammurabi, a system of laws that represent the first attempt to record all laws.
When and why did their empire break down?
The Neo-Babylonian Empire (also Second Babylonian Empire) was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 626 BC and ended in 539 BC. During the preceding three centuries, Babylonia had been ruled by their fellow Akkadian speakers and northern neighbours, Assyria.

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When did this empire take place?

A new line of king established the Neo- Babylonian Empire, which lasted from 626 B.C.to 539 B.C. The Neo-Babylonian Empire became the most powerful state in the world after defeating the Assyrian at Nineeven in 612 B.C. The Neo- Babylonian Empire was a period of cultural renaissance in the Near East.

Who was the ruler of the Babylonian Empire?
The ruler of Babylonian Empire was Nebuchadnezzar 2 he was the greatest king of ancient Babylone, succeeding his father Nabopolassar

What was Hammurabi know for?
Hammurabi, the ruler of Babylon, is best known for the development of a code of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi, which was used to regulate Mesopotamian society.

What was Hammurabi’s code and was was it like?

The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code. A partial copy exists on a 2.25 metre stone stele.
What wasn’t the economy like under Hammurabi’s rule?

Under Hammurabi's rule, the city of Babylon became the most powerful city in the world. ... It wasn't until 612 BC that Babylonia once again rose to power as the ruler of the empire over Mesopotamia.

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The government officials were like family to the Pharos they were very trusted servents to the Pharos. The government officials were very wealthy they had a nice house. They had plenty of food they had there own chiefs and had plenty of animals and water they had geese pigeon quail all of that. Even sometimes the government officials were not liking the Pharos so they rose up and became a Pharo. There house was like luxury they had time to socialize

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Priest were just respest as a offlcals . They would practice burial funeals. They would put the organ in a jar. They would put the body in a wooden cteate and say there prayers. The priests would embalmining the undied.

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Scribes are boys who go to school.Most of the Boys would run for a priest.those boys would spend 12 years at school to learn about there langnsne and there symbols of Eqypt. They would wear strips for clothes. On there test they would have to know at least 700 Hieroglyphs.

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Artisans are people who did art on the pyramids.
Artisans were highly skilled laborers who created some of the most beautiful art objects in the ancient world.

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Khufu. Khufu succeeded his father Sneferu as the second king of the 4th Dynasty. He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are poorly documented.
It is believed the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu and constructed over a 14 to 20 year period concluding around 2560 BC. Khufu's vizier, Hemon, or Hemiunu, is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid.

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It is believed the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu and constructed over a 14 to 20 year period concluding around 2560 BC. Khufu's vizier, Hemon, or Hemiunu, is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid.

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Hatshepsut became queen of Egypt when she married her half-brother, Thutmose II, around the age of 12. Upon his death, she began acting as regent for her stepson, the infant Thutmose III, but later took on the full powers of a pharaoh, becoming co-ruler of Egypt around 1473 B.C
Hatshepsut was a pharaoh of Egypt  to 1458 BCE. She not only had the longest reign of any Egyptian female she was also one of the
Most successful rulers.

Hatshepsut store genes her own position by killing other foes, andby making higher walls, to prevent attacts and distruction fromother temples and ... She was a successful Ancient Egyptian 18th dynasty pharaoh.

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He ruled in (1303 BC - July or August 1213 BC)

During his reign as pharaoh, Ramses II led the Egyptian army against several enemies including the Hittites, Syrians, Libyans, and Nubians. He expanded the Egyptian empire and secured its borders against attackers. Perhaps the most famous battle during Ramses' rule was the Battle of Kadesh.

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The Brahmaputra is one of the major rivers of Asia, a trans-boundary river which flows through China, India and Bangladesh.
Brahmaputra River has its source in southwest Tibet. It flows there with the name Yarlung Tsangpo River (flowing from the crest/ summit). The river runs across south Tibet to penetrate the Himalayan mountain ranges in huge canyons and subsequently into Arunachal Pradesh (India).

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The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in western and southern India.
Deccan plateau has rocks that are older than 600 million years old.
Deccan, the entire southern peninsula of India south of the Narmada River, marked centrally by a high triangular tableland. ... The plateau is bounded on the east and west by the Ghats, escarpments that meet at the plateau's southern tip. Its northern extremity is the Satpura Range.

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Ghats, two mountain ranges forming the eastern and western edges, respectively, of the Deccan plateau of peninsular India.Southwest of Chennai (Madras), the Eastern Ghats continue as the Javadi and Shevaroy hills, beyond which they merge with the Western Ghats.
Eastern and western ghats land are really green and the black soil is really good for farming and yellow and red is missing minerals.

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The Ganges, or Ganga river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India. After entering West Bengal, it divides into two rivers: the Hooghly and the Padma River.
When it rains it always leaves  good sediment for growing crows and food.

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The Himalayas, is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian  from the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan range has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest.

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The Eastern Hindu Kush range, also known as the High Hindu Kush range, is mostly located in northern Pakistan. The Chitral District of Pakistan is home to Tirich Mir, Noshaq, and Istoro Nal, the highest peaks in the Hindu Kush.

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The Indus river is the greatest river on the western side of the subcontinent, and is one of the seven sacred rivers of Hindus. It was the birthplace of the early Indus Valley civilization.

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The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large  region in the northwestern part of the of India and forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. It is the world's largest desert, and the world's  largest subtropical desert.

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Mohenjodaro was a large city, in 1900 B.C.E the great cities of Indus River valley disappeared, some people believe that invaders attained it others think that natural events caused the decline of the Indus Sarasvati civilizations.
Mohenjodaro is located west of the Indus River in Larkana District. Mohenjodaro 2600 and 1600 B.C.E then it was discovered in 1920.

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Weights and scales where found near a large building . There are all types of Weights and scales. Weights and scales are interesting clues for what the Mohenjodaro used.

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The great bath is the most dramatic feature of Mohenjodaro. The Great Bath is a pool  built of waterproof brick. It is 39 feet long and 8 feet deep. Dressing Rooms circle the pool The Great Bath was built in the 3rd millennium BCE.

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In the lower city, archeologists found a stone statue seven inches high. Beautiful stone beads in many colors where found throughout Mohenjodaro.

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Small stone seals are among the most mysterious of Mohenjodaro's artifacts. They have been found in large numbers throughout the ruins. More than 400 pictogtaphs have been found. Some are animals, some show people. Many of the seals have a small loop on the back. Perhaps people wore them to keep away evil.

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Water supply and sewage disposal at Mohenjodaro. Mohenjodaro, a major urban centre of the Indus Civilization, dating to the mid-third millennium BCEhas produced evidence of a sophisticated system for supplying water and expelling sewer. The system is described and its social context considered.

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Most of MohenjdaroDaro’s people lived in the lower city, which was three times the size of the citadel. Rows of houses are lined in the streets.  They were made of mud bricks and had flat roofs they were two stories high.

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People who live in MohenjdaroDaro enjoy playing games. They create many objects for toys and games. Archeologists have found dice, stone balls, grooved clay tracked p, and stone game boards. People in MohenjdaroDaro play chess.

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Archeologists have found small clay models all around MohenjdaroDaro. Most of the models are made of terra cotta. MohenjdaroDaro had clay models shaped as animals they had some shaped as farm goods.

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The main belief of Buddhism is the 4 noble truths and thee Eightfold path and how if you follow them you will live the life you want to live with no worries and no trouble.

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Siddhārtha became  was by finding the path to Enlightenment,  led from the pain of suffering and rebirth towards the path of Enlightenment and became known as the Buddha or  the awakened one.

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Suffering is present and n all things , and nothing last forever.
Suffering is caused by craving ( desire and wants).
The way to give up all cravings is to live life according to the Eightsfold path.

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Right understanding: Develop a deep understanding of the for Noble Truths.
Right purpose: live a life of selflessness ( not selflessness), love , and nonviolent.
Right speech: Be careful and truthful in what you say. Do not lie or gossip.
Right action: Do not kill,steal, or lie. Be honest.
Right way to earn a living: Do not work at a job that causes harm to people or living creatures.
Right effort: promote  good actions and prevent evil action.
Right Mindfulness: Be aware of but not attached to your emotions, thoughts, and feeling.
Right concentration: Focus your mind with practices such as meditation.

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In 256 B.C.E. He took over when he was 13- yrs old.

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Lots of people traveled alone the route ad chose the norther route. The caravans traveled on  camels to trade items. The this traded were silk,dishwear, ornaments ,jewelry, ad cast iron products.

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Goods weren’t the only things to  travels traded along the Silk Road. They traded between east and west. In 500 C.E. the Chinese had learned how to make glass. About the same time west learned to make silk.

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They trade many different items such as silk, glassware, and other objects. The trail was very dangerous to walk on. There was deadly creatures and high mountains.