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only 56.9% of adults in

Côte d'Ivoire are able to read

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What is the estimated number of forced child laborers in cocoa farms? 

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What is the estimated number of forced child laborers in cocoa farms? 

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About 1.8 million people in west Africa are involved in working in cocoa farms

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Global chocolate companies have been told they have a moral responsibility to do more to stop children working on cocoa farms in West Africa.

A recent report commissioned by the US government found that more than 1.8 million children in West Africa were involved in growing cocoa.

Many were at risk of being injured by machetes, pesticides or through other hazards.

The Ivory Coast exports nearly half the world's cocoa. After years of civil war, the new government says ending poverty and child labour is a priority and the chocolate industry must be involved.

"There is a moral obligation," said Gilbert Kone Kafana, minister for labour and social affairs.

"The chocolate companies have a duty to engage with us. We need to build roads, schools, hospitals and social centres; anything that would allow Ivory Coast to progress.

"This development is necessary for farmers to have a good life, and it is in the interest of the industry to work with us."

The chocolate industry is worth more than $90bn (£56.5bn) a year, and more than 40% of people in the Ivory Coast live below the poverty line.

Ten years ago, under international pressure, chocolate companies signed an international protocol to stop the practice of dangerous child labour. They promised to "commit significant resources" and act "as a matter of urgency."

But the report by Tulane University in the US, found that the chocolate industry's funding since 2001 had "not been sufficient" and it needed to do more.

Scarring work

The sight of children carrying machetes or pesticide equipment is common throughout Ivory Coast's cocoa belt.

More than 800,000 children here are believed to do some form of cocoa-related work.

I found a group walking along a muddy path towards trees where bright yellow cocoa pods hung ready for harvest.

Silently, the children squatted down and started work.

My father sent me here to work... I haven't seen my family for three years
Yoa Kouassi, Child labourer on a cocoa farm

They wore torn and grubby shorts and T-shirts. There was no laughter or play.

On their legs were scars from machete injuries. There was no first aid kit around or any protective clothing.

In one hand they held a cocoa pod. With the other they hacked it open with a machete, then prized out the beans.

Under the present system, once sold to market, it is impossible to trace exactly where the beans came from - and whether or not young children are being forced to work to produce them.

One of the children was Kuadio Kouako who said he was 12 and whose home was more than 320km (200 miles) away.

At first, the farm's owner insisted that three of the boys were his sons and that two belonged to a friend. But when I asked for their names, he hesitated - then left.

"I was living in Bouake with my grandmother," Yao Kouassi said. "But my father sent me here to work. I haven't seen my family for three years."

Yao's story is depressingly familiar among children trafficked or sent away from their families and kept out of school and working for no money.

The chocolate industry has sponsored some projects such as in the village of Campement Paul, near the city of San Pedro. In 2008 a small school was built, for which the villagers had to pay half of the $20,000 (£12,570) costs.

It can accommodate about 150 children. But the villagers say that another 400 in the community still have no school to go to.

One child who has benefited is Dera, now 15. When the school opened, his father took him off cocoa work so he could learn to read and write.

"You get very tired when you work so much," he said, showing scars he still has from his machete injuries. "Every day I would wake at six o'clock and go straight to the cocoa farm."

The chocolate industry concedes that more needs to be done, but says that even since 2009 its programmes have helped hundreds of thousands of cocoa farming families and more than one million children.

New targets

Company executives refuse to speak on this issue and refer queries to public relations consultant Joanna Scott.

"Far too many children are in the worst forms of child labour and that is unacceptable to us," she says. "No child should ever be harmed in the growing and harvesting of cocoa and that is why we are totally committed to work with others in resolving the situation."

Last year, under continuing pressure, the chocolate industry signed another agreement - this time to cut by 70% the number of children working in dangerous conditions by 2020.

There is, though, some difference over the figures.

The US study found that between 2001 and 2009, less than 4% of people in Ivory Coast's cocoa-growing communities had been helped by the industry's programmes, and about 33,000 children.

The chocolate companies say they have done much more.

But the US Department of Labor, a signatory to the new agreement, backs the Tulane report, saying its figures are "credible and reliable".

If that is the case, even if the 2020 target is achieved, almost a quarter of a million children would still be at risk, harvesting cocoa for global chocolate companies.

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Calls to end child labour on West Africa's cocoa farms

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Global chocolate companies have been told they have a moral responsibility to do more to stop children working on cocoa farms in West Africa. A recent report commissioned by the US government found that more than 1.8 million children in West Africa were involved in growing cocoa.

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1. Eritrea
2.Somalia
3. DR Congo

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#3 what countries have the Biggest problem with modern day slavery

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#3 what countries have the Biggest problem with modern day slavery

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India, Pakistan and China

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The cover story in the latest issue of the Atlantic is a personal history titled " My Family's Slave."

The author, Alex Tizon, goes on to chronicle just that - how his mother in the Philippines was gifted a slave when she was 15, how she brought that slave with her to the United States, and how that slave remained a slave for his mother's entire life, working all day and night without pay, unable to have a social life and enduring endless abuse.
Take Action: Check Your Voter Registration Status With 'Just Vote' Here
The story is harrowing in its candid exploration of one slave's experience and its description of how one family managed to normalize slavery through profound denial

But it's also a disturbing reminder of how slavery still exists all around the world.

Globally, there are an estimated 45.8 million slaves, a greater number than at any other time in history, according to The Global Slavery Index. The refugee crisis currently roiling the world is also fueling the market for child slavery.

Slavery takes many forms, but sexual, labor-based, and human trafficking are the primary modes.

Here are the five countries that hold 58% of the world's slavery population.

India

Total slave estimate: 18,354,700

Rate of slavery: 1.4% of population

Top forms of slavery: Agriculture, bonded labor, domestic work, and sex work.

"There are many people in the village who were working with me as a bonded labor," said one survey respondent for The Global Slavery Index. "I was physically and sexually assaulted when I was working in the field. I had also threat on my life and on my family. I was also threatened that I had to leave the village."
Read More: This Girl Stopped a Child Marriage in India. Now She Fears for Her Life.
Pakistan

Total slave estimate: 2,134,900

Rate of slavery: 1.13% of population

Top form of slavery: Bonded labor for industries such as brick making. More than 20,000 brick kilns operate in rural Pakistan, preying on illiterate and desperate laborers who get trapped in illegal debt programs. If the laborer dies, his or her children are forced to assume the debt load and get trapped in slavery.
Read More: HONY Shows the Beauty, Complexity of Pakistan
Bangladesh

Total slave estimate: 1,531,300

Rate of slavery: .95% of population

Top forms of slavery: Men are forced into labor, and women are forced into marriage. Oftentimes, men are captured, drugged, beaten, and enslaved, where they are then sold off as temporary workers. Forced marriage, meanwhile, often entails a life of abuse and poverty.
Read More: 4 Years After Bangladesh Factory Collapse We Ask, Who Made Your Clothes?
China

Total slave estimate: 3,388,400

Rate of slavery: .25%

Top forms of slavery: Sexual slavery and other forms of forced labor. The gender imbalance caused by China's now-defunct one-child policy creates a demand for foreign brides who are forced into marriage. Because the women are often illegally in the country, they have little legal recourse. Further, there is widespread societal support for this system.
Read More: Beijing's Latest Air Pollution Crisis Isn't From Coal
Uzbekistan

antislavery.org

Total slave estimate: 1,236,600

Rate of slavery: 3.97%

Top forms of slavery: Forced labor. Each harvest season, the government forces tens of thousands of people into cotton fields.
Read More: You Can Calculate Your Slave Labor Footprint With This App

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The 5 Countries With the Most People Living in Slavery

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The cover story in the latest issue of the Atlantic is a personal history titled " My Family's Slave."

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Which countries have the most modern day slavery

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Which countries have the most modern day slavery

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India and China have the most modern day slavery

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According to the Global Slavery Index (GSI), there are an estimated 40.3 million slaves in the world today. This modern day slavery is in many instances not all too different from that in medieval times, as people are still being owned as property by others in some countries around the world. However, unlike ancient forms where slaves were not paid at all, in modern day slavery payment may be there for those in bondage, though meager and riddled with exploitation. The International Labour Organization estimates that 26% of modern slaves are children. Although slavery is officially abolished in every jurisdiction in the world, it does not mean that contemporary slavery does not exist. In fact, if anything, it just means that slavery is harder to track and occurs far from the eye of local authorities. Below is an overview of countries by the largest populations of people said to be in a situation of slavery.

10. Iran - 16.2 per 1,000

Modern slavery occurs in Iran, where around every 16.2 people for every 1,000 are affected. Some of the ways in which modern slavery presents itself is through organ harvesting, the smuggling of children, and the enrolling of citizens in involuntary servitude. Women and girls from Iran and sometimes smuggled across the border to be sold in neighboring countries. Iran is also used as a transition area for traffickers working between South Asia and Europe. Although the government technically outlaws slavery, the government's slow response and lack of resolutions has led to much criticism.

9. Cambodia - 16.8 per 1,000

Cambodia is caught up in the slave trade, with around 16.8 people out of every 1,000 involved. Although the government is clear on their stance of making human trafficking a crime, it remains a large problem in Cambodia, particularly when it comes to the trafficking of children. Women and children in Cambodia are either sold by their families or tricked into forced labor, forced prostitution, forced marriage, and more.

8. Pakistan - 16.8 per 1,000

Debt slavery, or bonded labor, is the most rampant form of modern slavery in Pakistan, according to the Global Slavery Index, with the Punjab and Sindh provinces being the hot-spots for such practices. Nationally, 16.8 people out of every 1,000 are enslaved. Poor families become trapped into slavery when they approach an affluent person in need of a loan for an emergency like a sickness. The affluent person adds the entire family into his collection of "property" in return for providing medical financing. The family is forced to work for long hours for low wages, of which half is retained by the affluent person. This loan at times may take a generation or more to be repaid, and, until then, the whole family will still remain the property of the affluent person. In Pakistan, it's common for wealthy persons to own brick kilns, coal mines, and carpet-making factories, or to conduct agriculture, like the farming of cotton, wheat, or rice, with much of the work being carried out by forced labor. Brick kilns are the factories where much of this slavery occurs.

7. South Sudan - 20.5 per 1,000

South Sudan, one of the world's youngest countries, is unfortunately also one of the most prone to the slave trade, with around 20.5 people for every 1,000 a victim. For decades, South Sudan and Sudan have been regions ravaged by brutal civil war and genocide. It is said that many people, many of them children, were kidnapped by government-backed militia during the Second Sudanese Civil War. It is difficult to get an accurate view of the situation in South Sudan as the country is still experiencing a heavy amount of internal conflict.

6. Mauritania - 21.4 per 1,000

Mauritania is a country found in northwest Africa. It is also known for being one of the world's most common source and destination of human trafficking, with an estimated 21.4 out of every 1,000 residents trafficked. Human trafficking occurs in Mauritania in both the urban and rural regions. Unfortunately, there are no formal programs within the country to support victims of the slave trade. There is a phenomenon in Mauritania where forced labor is passed down by generation, causing a cyclical problem.

5. Afghanistan - 22.2 per 1,000

Afghanistan is both the source and the destination for the illegal slave trade. It is estimated that around 22.2 out of every 1,000 people in Afghanistan are victims. While many people, many of them children, are held within Afghanistan they are also often sent to neighboring countries like Pakistan and India. One prominent form of slave labor in Afghanistan is forced begging, while organized rings force children to beg for money in city centers. Like South Sudan, it is difficult to get an absolute reading on the problem in Afghanistan as the country is still filled with internal strife.

4. Central African Republic - 22.3 per 1,000

Unfortunately, the Central African Republic is no stranger to human trafficking. Many of the victims, which are estimated to number 22.3 people for every 1,000, are children. Many of these children are forced into conscription and serve as child soldiers. The efforts of the Central African Republic government to combat trafficking have been criticized as insufficient. However, the government's resources are limited.

3. Burundi - 40 per 1,000

Burundi has the third highest prevalence of forced labor in the world, with 40 people in every 1,000 involved. Like other entries on this list, Burundi suffers from an unstable government and a very low quality of life, where many children do not to go school. The HIV infection rate in Burundi is also high, at around one in 15 adults. Much of the slave labor experience in Burundi is said to be imposed by the state.

2. Eritrea - 93 per 1,000

Eritrea is a country found in the Horn of Africa. It has the world's second highest ratio of modern slaves, with an estimated 93 people in every 1,000 involved in modern day slavery. The majority of modern slavery in Eritrea is said to be at the hands of the government, who force conscription upon their residents.

1. North Korea - 104.6 per 1,000

A staggering 104.6 people for every 1,000 is involved in modern slavery in North Korea. It is said that the government of North Korea send workers abroad to work in forced worked situations, including textile factories in neighboring China. The United Nations refers to modern day slavery as one of North Korea's "crimes against humanity." Many of the people involved in North Korea are are children. These children may be forced to participate in forced agricultural work. The process of withholding food or limiting food as punishment is not unheard of. The government of North Korea was given a "D" rating when it comes to how well they were responding to modern slavery.

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Slavery Today: Countries With the Highest Prevalence of Modern Slaves

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According to the Global Slavery Index (GSI), there are an estimated 40.3 million slaves in the world today. This modern day slavery is in many instances not all too different from that in medieval times, as people are still being owned as property by others in some countries around the world.

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The global march is an organization that is helping with child labor

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India

Pakistan

China

Bangladesh

Uzbekistan

According to this definition, research from the Walk Free Foundation based on its Global Slavery Index 2016 estimated that there were about 45.8 million slavesaround the world in 2016, with 58% of them living in the top five countries—India, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, and Uzbekistan.

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What Countries have the biggest problem with child labor

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What Countries have the biggest problem with child labor

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Zimbabwe

Pakistan

Afghanistan

Sudan

Myanmarhttps://www.worldatlas.com/articles/worst-countries-for-child-labor.html

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Most chocolate manufacturers don't use fair trade because they want to make a higher profit in there chocolate.

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Cacao is harvested from March-October
https://www.icco.org/faq/58-cocoa-harvesting/131-what-time-of-year-is-cocoa-harvested.html

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Number 13, what is the cacao growing season in the Ivory Coast?

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Number 13, what is the cacao growing season in the Ivory Coast?

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Miles Mougette
the main time to harvest is March to October. But the mid time to harvest is may to August.

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Are Hershey, Mars,  and Nestle involved in this problem? 

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Are Hershey, Mars,  and Nestle involved in this problem? 

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Kate Springer, Yes they are. Hershey is  the biggest chocolate company right now and they buy most of their chocolate from the Ivory Coast. Nestle  is aware of the problem and also continues to get their chocolate from the Ivory Coast. Mars also gets their chocolate from the Ivory Coast

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5 Major Chocolate Companies That Use Child Labor

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How much child labor is in the chocolate bar you're eating?

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the wok of being a worker as a kid in the cocoa industry is dangerous because of them using machete to cut the outer shell

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The problems with the cocoa production are getting better. The government is starting to enforce a new system with the big chocolate companies so that cocoa farmers are getting paid more. So now the farmers could pay for actual workers instead of trafficking children.
"Is it fair to eat chocolate, 2008"

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Right now, there are programs that are trying to stop child labor so that they don't work at these cocoa farms until they are adults. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/fair-trade-usa/is-there-child-labor-in-y_b_9169898.html

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Why don't cocoa workers strike? Can they go on a strike?

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Why don't cocoa workers strike? Can they go on a strike?

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In 2006, infact cocoa workers did go on strike. They held back their crops to protest being paid such low amounts. In West Africa, they produce 40% of the worlds cocoa beans, but don't get a fair amount of money. The workers did not like this, so they decided to go on strike. After nothing happened, they continued to work because they knew they needed that money even if it's only a little bit. http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cocoa-farmers-strike-in-ivory-coast-world-s-largest-producer-1.621468

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#27 What would happen if cocoa farmers raised their wages to give workers higher pay?

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#27 What would happen if cocoa farmers raised their wages to give workers higher pay?

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If cocoa farmers have higher income, then the farmers would be able to give their families better lives. Their children would get an education that they deserve and have resources. https://makechocolatefair.org/issues/cocoa-prices-and-income-farmers-0

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Many countries such as DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo), Ivory Coast, and more are enforcing child labor. Child Labor has been occurring fo rthat past 10 years so far...has the problem of child labor escalated or decreased? It has decrased. From 2000 to 2012 the number of children enforced in child labor has gone down from 250,000 to 170,000 children.
https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/sep/24/child-labour-drops-worldwide-data

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/530298924855176042/arGGraph showing child labor numbers

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Skylar Hope,
So little money goes to the kids in the ivory coast because the major companies like Mars and Hershey's buy chocolate cheap so that they make a larger profit. This leaves the workers in Ghana and the ivory coast with only a little money.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15681986

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There are 12.3 million people around the world in forced labor, these people are mostly children and some women who don't have jobs and need money.

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Forced labor-slavery, debt bondage and human trafficking-is not a thing of the past.

Last week I wrote about the UN's ongoing efforts to stop forced labor in Myanmar, noting that the problems there are just a reflection of the 12.3 million people who are subject to coercive work conditions all over the world. Women, children and historically marginalized ethnic groups are often the most vulnerable to these conditions.

Here's a brief tour of forced labor problems around the globe. What emerges is a disturbing picture of workers indebted to employment recruiters who charge inflated fees, or those who were simply improperly paid for their labor.
Asia
Forced labor is most prevalent in this continent, especially in South Asia, where bonded labor, sex trafficking and exploitative worker recruitment is pervasive.

Bonded labor occurs in places like Nepal and India. For example, employers pay a lump sump of three to seven months worth of wages up front to brick-producing laborers before the start of the employment season. Once the term is over, the wages for working sixteen-hour days and six-day weeks fall short of the advance payment. The underpayment forces workers to return to the same place next season to receive their wages.

China highlights workers who acquire debt to employment recruiters. Migrants who move internally or abroad to places like the United States for employment are docked as much as 2.5 times their annual income, or 90 percent of what they make during their first 5 months of work. Their employers also confine workers, subject them to mandatory overtime and arbitrarily deduct pay.

In response, the UN's International Labour Organization is working with India and Nepalese governments to improve transparency and provide social protections. Likewise, Chinese authorities have set regulatory laws on labor contracts to prohibit these violations.
Americas
The Americas have the second highest number of forced laborers. Like in Asia, debt bondage is also a problem for migrants who are enticed by intermediaries to work in sweatshops, agriculture or domestic service.

Government responses in Brazil and Peru have helped to reduce the rate of forced labor. Brazil has produced a "dirty list" of companies who engage in illegal practices. They also have a program that sends inspectors to workplaces. Since 1995, more than 30,000 workers have been freed from forced labor. Peru, Bolivia and Argentina have also adopted task forces or commissions for oversight of forced labor.

In the United States, law enforcement and anti-trafficking legislation have helped to curb forced labor, but migrants who immigrate to America through the "guest-worker" program may be subject to debt bondage or harsh working conditions, the ILO said.
Africa
After Asia and the Americas, Africa is the continent with the third highest rate of forced labor. In Western Africa, the legacy of slavery still exists-servants are still bonded to their former "owners." The ILO found that there is no "outright slavery," but a similar stratified relationship among slave descendants and their former masters is still a problem.

The exploitation of migrant workers and human trafficking is also a concern. A report Kenyan Institute of Policy Analysis and Research stated that the country is a hub for trafficking of women, men and children in forced labor or prostitution. Many are from the rural areas who come to urban regions, and some have been trafficked to as far as Europe by deceptive practices by their employer.

The ILO says that growing concern over forced labor has started to spur legislative measures and discussions among African leaders. Mauritania has criminalized slavery. Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia have passed laws prohibited trafficking. There have been several regional and national meetings by countries to increase awareness. However, according to the International Trade Union Confederation, the extent to which any new policies will be enforced is still up in the air.
Middle East
The Middle East has a strong correlation between trafficking and forced labor. Many of the migrant workers, mostly from Asia, arrive through temporary employment sponsorships known as the kafeel system. The lack of regulation in the Gulf region has facilitated a climate where employers have significant control over the laborers. The ILO reports that recruiters and employers pass the costs of work visas onto the worker with inflated fees. There have been instances of bait-and-switch tactics on employment contracts for lower wages, confiscation of passports and other identity documents, non-payment of wages and long working hours.

In response, governments have been promoting principles and improving migration governance. But the ILO suggests that the regional countries need to be more "proactive in addressing the root causes of the problems and drawing up appropriate policies and laws."
Europe and Central Asia
Labor trafficking has increased in countries that have recently become members of the European Union. Ukraine in particular is known for being a hub for sexual trafficking, more so than labor trafficking. But over the years, the margin of incidence of the two forms of exploitation has narrowed. Migrants from Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and the Russia have had their salaries withheld, had their identification documents confiscated by employers, and have been threatened with violence.

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Forced labor-slavery, debt bondage and human trafficking-is not a thing of the past. Last week I wrote about the UN's ongoing efforts to stop forced labor in Myanmar, noting that the problems there are just a reflection of the 12.3 million people who are subject to coercive work conditions all over the world.

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Is the cacao industries problems getting better or worse

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Is the cacao industries problems getting better or worse

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This problem is getting worse more and more people are starting to work in the cacao industry. In this website the graph spiked up from 2012 to 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/sep/13/chocolate-industry-drives-rainforest-disaster-in-ivory-coast

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How much money does a cocoa farmer make?

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How much money does a cocoa farmer make?

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"farmers in Ghana earn as little as 84 cents a day, and Ivorian farmers, 50 cents"

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The report is available online at www.cocoabarometer.org. This week from June 30 to July 1, cocoa industry representatives are gathering in Washington at the World Cocoa Foundation conference to discuss ongoing sustainability projects.

* Low incomes. West African cocoa farmers live well below $2 a day, the globally defined poverty level. This leads to bad labor conditions, human rights violations, and other problems, including child labor.

* Cocoa no longer offers an attractive future. Younger generations of cocoa farmers are leaving the industry in increasing numbers while older farmers near the age of life expectancy.

* High market concentration leads to greater farmer exploitation. Mergers and takeovers have resulted in just a few companies dominating up to 80 percent of the whole value chain. Farmers lack the opportunity to voice opinions in an organized way.

* Certified chocolate production is increasing globally, from 2 percent in 2009 to almost 16 percent in 2015. However, as certification becomes mainstreamed, challenges arise. Improvements are needed to address impact on the ground, quality of auditing, and the unrest among farmers concerning their low wages.

* Current approaches fail to solve the problem. Most corporate sustainability efforts focus on increasing a farmer's productivity. This must be countered with an increased cocoa price for farmers. This means that chocolate needs to become more expensive. Crop diversification, tenure security, better infrastructure and access to information for farmers are also needed.

"All players in the cocoa value chain need to step up to the plate," says report co-author Fountain. "Companies, governments, retailers, as well as consumers should take their shared responsibility, and truly start looking for new approaches to some of these longstanding problems." The Cocoa Barometeris published by a European consortium of civil society actors; FNV Mondiaal, Hivos (Netherlands), Solidaridad (Netherlands) and the VOICE Network - ABVV/Horval (Belgium), Berne Declaration (Switzerland), FNV (Netherlands), Oxfam Novib (Netherlands), Oxfam Wereldwinkels (Belgium), Stop the Traffik (UK), and the Südwind Institut (Germany).

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Cocoa farmers still aren't making enough money

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Cocoa sustainability is in trouble - because it's not providing a sustainable income for cocoa farmers. Extreme poverty among West African cocoa producers fuels cocoa production - farmers in Ghana earn as little as 84 cents a day, and Ivorian farmers, 50 cents. Consequentially, young farmers are not replacing the aging population, according to the updated U.S.

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India has a modern day slave population of  18,354,700 slaves

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The main time over harvest is March to October.