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Spelling Rules:

One-syllable verbs ending in one vowel + one conconant, double the conconant and add -ing.

Exaple:

sit-sitting
get-getting
put-putting

Verbs ending in e, drop e before adding -ing.

Example:

like-liking
write-writing

Verbs ending ie change ie to y.

Example:

lie-lying
die-dying

Two-syllable verbs ending in one vowel and one consonant usually double the final conconant and add -ing.

Example:

travel-travelling
admit-admitting

All other verbs add -ing.

Example:

play-playing
feel-feeling
try-trying

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-For actions happening at the moment of speaking, and not finished.

Example:
Sorry, I´m busy at the moment. I´m doing my homework.

-For continuing, unfinished actions which are not actually happening at the momento of speaking, with verbd like work, learn, read, study, etc.

Example:
What are you doing in science?
We're learning about the universe.

-For changing situations, with verbs like become, get, grow, change, increase, or with expressions such as more and more.

Example:
The earth in becoming warmer.
More and more people are leaving the countryside.

-For future arrangement, with a time reference

Example:
We're leaving tomorrow.

-Note: we do not repeat auxiliary be when we talk about two or more actions.

Example:

We are doing an experiment and making notes.

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Shows an Action

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Exceptions to the Rule (Verbs that can be both Dynamic and Stative)

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Exceptions to the Rule (Verbs that can be both Dynamic and Stative)

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Stative and Dynamic / Action Verbs

Stative verbs

Stative verbs have undefined duration. they denote states rather than actions.

Examples of statives are:

want, know, have (when it means possession), think (when it means opinion), like, love, hate, need, prefer, agree, sound, hear disagree, wish, look (when it mean seem), smell, seem, include...

You cannot say:

·         I am knowing the truth.

·         I am liking pizza.

·         It is sounding like a great idea.

But you must say:

·         I know the truth.

·         I like pizza.

·         It sounds like a great idea.

Dynamic verbs
As opposed to a stative verb, a dynamic (or action) verb shows continued or progressive action on the part of the subject.

Examples of dynamic verbs (dynamic verbs) are:

act, build, complete, design, develop, draw, fix, gather, handle, head, help, improve, interview, introduce, justify, listen, lead, measure, narrate, negotiate, orchestrate, originate, outline, perform, persuade, predict, regulate, record, save, show, study, target, transform, travel, treat, uncover, unveil, use, validate, value, visualize, widen, write, zap, zoom...

These verbs can be used both in the simple and continuous forms.

·         Look at her! She is acting foolishly.
OR
She acts as a teacher in this movie.

·         The company is targeting young customers with this new product.
OR
We targeted a new market with that product.

Dynamic and stative

Some verbs can be both action verbs and dynamic verbs depending on their meaning:

1. Be

be = it is usually used as a stative verb - stative
He's an excellent guitarist.

be = when it means behave or act, it can be used as a an action verb in the continuous form. - dynamic
You are being silly.

2. Think

think = to express an opinion, to believe - stative
I think it's a fantastic idea.

think = consider, to reason about or reflect on, ponder, to have or formulate in the mind - dynamic
I am thinking about my friend

3. Have

have = to possess, to own - stative
He has a beautiful car

have = when it doesn't mean own or possess - dynamic
He's having lunch.

4. See

see = to perceive with the eye, to understand - stative
I see what you mean.

see = to meet, to be in the company of, to escort, to attend - dynamic
He's seeing Marry Tomorrow

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ENGLISH VERBS THAT CANNOT BE USED IN THE CONTINUOUS OR PROGRESSIVE FORM

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ENGLISH VERBS THAT CANNOT BE USED IN THE CONTINUOUS OR PROGRESSIVE FORM

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Verbs of Emotion:  love, hate, prefer, mind, like, dislike, please, surprise, astonish, impress

Verbs of Possession: have, own, want, belong, need, possess, own, owe, include, involve

Verbs used for the Senses:  see, hear, smell, seem, sound, taste, look (=seem), appear, be

Verbs of Thought: know, believe, remember, agree, disagree, recognise, think (as in to have an opinion), realise, suppose, mean, understand, concern, feel (as in to have an opinion), wish, promise, imagine, doubt, deny, satisfy, depend, matter, deserve

Verbs of Measurement:  contain, consist, fit, lack, measure (as in to have length), weigh (as in to have weight)

The list of verbs above are referred to as Stative or State Verbs.  These verbs cannot be used in any of the Progressive or Continuous Tenses in English.  These verbs typically refer to a permanent state.  So, you can say, “I like you” but not “I am liking you”.

Unfortunately for students learning English, there are always exceptions to the rule.  Some of the verbs above can be Dynamic as well as Stative.  These verbs have more than one meaning and can therefore sometimes be used in the Continuous or Progressive Forms.

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wh-questions

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Shows states