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Continent- A principal/ttuge land mass on earth, earth has 7.
Latitude - Parallel lines around the earth.
Equator - Imaginary line that divides the earth.

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Nomad -Person who regularly moves from place to place
Sumer - A city in Mesopotamia.
Agriculture - Growing croups for human use.
Domestication- to tame animals and plants for human use.
Division of- Different types of jobs to fit the skills.

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-Crops were irrrgated
-Tiger and Euphrates flooded leaving  fertile soil.
-Framer could grow plenty of food.

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Mesopotamia religion is polytheistic

Social classes

Upper-Kings, Priests
Middle-Artisans,merchants, framers and fishers.
Lower-Slaves
Inventions
Cuneiform, Scribes ,Sailboat, Wheel, Bronze, Levees.
Writing system
Mesopotamia writing system is Cuneiform
Government
They were ruled by the  kings or priest and the city of babylon.

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Papyrus – reed plant of the Nile Valley; used to make a form of paper.

Hieroglyphics – system of writing made up of thousands of picture symbols developed by the ancient Egyptians.

Pharaoh – all powerful king in ancient Egypt.

Deity – god or goddess.

Agriculture - growing crops for human use or farming.

Geography
They had a river called the nile river,and they have a delta,3 natural borders.
Natural Borders Of Egypt
The three natural borders of egypt is Desert - Sanara ,  Cataracts - Wild , Delta Marsh.
Religion
Worshiped many deities (or gods)-polytheism .

Believed the pharaohs needed a body in the afterlife.

After death even better life than present life.

Social Class
Pharaohs

Upper Class (nobles, priests, & gov’t officials)

Middle Class (artisans, traders, scribes, shopkeepers)

Farmers & Herders (largest group)

Unskilled Workers (did physical labor & lived in the city

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Papyrus , Hieroglyphics
Writing system
Egypt writing system was Hieroglyphics
Government
A dynasty was developed. A line of rulers from one family.

Theocracy political ruler and religious ruler same person

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Monotheism – the belief in one god

Torah –first 5 chapters of the Old Testament

Covenant – agreement

Synagogue - Jewish house of worship

Messiah – in Judaism, a deliverer sent by God
Map

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Promised the land of Canaan by God if they worshipped the one true God.  Told the people what God thought was right and wrong.

Religion
Israelite religion was Rabbi.

10 commandments
Moses received the Torah.  Rules to live by were the Ten Commandments.God made a covenant or an agreement with Israelite.They could go back to Canaan if they followed His laws.

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Subcontinent – large landmass that is part of a continent but distinct from it.

Sanskrit – written language developed by the Aryans.

Caste – social group a person is born into and cannot change .

Hinduism – system of religion that grew out of the religion of the Aryans in ancient India.

Polytheism – belief in many gods and goddesses.