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The South's population was  thousands of enslaved African Americans. In fact, 698,000 of them lived there and were held captive. This number rose to nearly 4 million due to the cotton field expansion. The slaves were forbidden to leave their white owners. They were treated like they weren't humans or a living thing at all. The North's population was full of multicolored people and different religions. They respected people for their color and beliefs. Immigrants came and their population skyrocketed. It increased widely, and almost doubled in a lot of cities. Also, the industrial revolution was a huge factor in population increase.

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The cities in the South were overrun by cotton plantations. Much of the abuse that slaves suffered also occurred in the cities.
In the North, cities faced filthy streets, absence of good sewage systems, and a lack of clean drinking water. This spread disease. Fires also erupted around the cities.

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Economy in the South was very different from the North. The South grew cotton, which became very profitable and popular to do. Using the Cotton Gin, more cotton was made and more people were needed to work in the fields where they grew it. Due to the increase in cotton plantations, a smaller, wealthy class emerged in the South. In the North, population increase and transportation spurred the growth of American industry. More Americans came, which meant more workers were there to invent new things.

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During the 19th century, the North was becoming more and more industrial. Many inventions led to this. These included the telegraph, the mechanical reaper, the sewing machine, steam boats, and the railroad. The North's technology was advancing.
In the South, things were remaining agricultural. The cotton gin invention made cleaning cotton easier. This caused a huge up rise in cotton plantations.
(telegraph by Samuel Morse)

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In the North, slavery had largely ended. They were no longer needed due to the factories and a willing labor force. African Americans were free, but they had less rights and this led to segregation. In the South, slavery was increasing. Due to the invention of the cotton gin, cotton growing became easier and a good to way to earn profit. This led to more cotton plantations and an expansion of slavery. The number of slaves nearly quadrupled.
In addition, the free African Americans in the North had limited rights. This resulted in segregation. The South was very similar. Free African Americans were often kidnapped into slavery, as well.

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Why were there slaves in the South and not in the North?

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The North had more of a variety of transportation options than the South did. The North had the choice to take steamboats, clipper ships, stage coaches, and trains. The steamboats were able to carry many amounts of people at once. They traveled to multiple places, and went to stagecoaches. The train became the favorite way of transportation, and the easiest one to take. On the other hand, the South didn't have much of an option. Most people had to walk, rather than using something easy. African Americans were discouraged from traveling.