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Creativity: Extra Picture

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Creativity: Extra Picture

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Hundreds of years ago, most learning happened at home. Parents taught their children or, if their families could afford it, private tutors did the job. The Puritans were the first in this country to point out the need for some kind of public education. They established schools to teach not just the essentials-reading, writing and math- but also to reinforce their core values.

After the American Revolution, Thomas Jefferson argued that the newly independent nation needed an educational system, and he suggested that tax dollars be used to fund it. His pleas were ignored, however, and the idea for a public school system languished for nearly a century.

By the 1840s, a few public schools had popped up around the country in the communities that could afford them. However, that smattering of schools wasn't good enough for education crusaders Horace Mann of Massachusetts and Henry Barnard of Connecticut. They began calling for free, compulsory school for every child in the nation.

Massachusetts passed the first compulsory school laws in 1852. New York followed the next year, and by 1918, all American children were required to attend at least elementary school.

Next came the movement to create equal schooling for all American children, no matter what their race. At the turn of the 20th century, schools in the South, and many in the North, were segregated. The 1896 Supreme Court ruling, Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the legality of segregation. Finally, in 1954, the Supreme Court overturned its ruling with the landmark case, Brown v. Board of Education, and public schools became open to people of all races.

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Public schools educate about 50 million students a year. A look at costs, challenges, magnet and charter schools and teacher quality.

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Temperance movement | Definition, Leaders, Facts, & Significance

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Temperance movement, movement dedicated to promoting moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in the use of intoxicating liquor. The earliest temperance organizations seem to have been those founded at Saratoga, New York, in 1808 and in Massachusetts in 1813.

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VIdeo: Temperance Movement

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Another example of people during the Temperance Movement

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Showing what can happen when Temperance Movement is disobeyed

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People during the Temperance Movement

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In the late 1820's, the Temperance movement was started. The temperance movement was a public campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol.

Alcohol was was an abuse during the time among men, women and even children. Reformers linked alcohol and crime together meaning that some crimes that were caused were due to alcohol . By 1850, Maine was the first state to ban sale of alcohol and other states soon followed with a similar legislation.

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Video: Impact On Public Education

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Horace Mann

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People should stand up for education

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School bus for public schools

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During the mid 1800's the spirit of reform made it's way to education. During this time period very few children attended public schools due to the cost. Efforts to change this were led by Horace Mann who would later receive the nickname "father of American public schools".

Horace Mann spoke to reformers about how important education is and how you need it for the future. Reformers then saw education as a way of solving many problem such as poverty and crime. Mann's idea spread through the whole United States and his reforms were braced by other states. Many public schools were invented and more children had a chance to attend an education.