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A claim must generally be false and must have been made to someone other than the person defamed.

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Libel is a written or published defamatory statement, while slander is defamation that is spoken by the defendant.

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All persons born in the U.S are U.S citizens

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No cruel and unusual punishments.

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The right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

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Directed at the overthrow of government. It includes speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders.

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Applies to the 1st amendment. There are only certain situations that don't count as free speech.

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All accused have the right to a fair and speedy trial.

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Ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship. Ruled unconstitutional.

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The right to remain silent, and you must be read your rights when arrested.

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Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens “by fact” rather than by legal requirement.

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No illegal searched and seizures.

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All persons have the right to bear arms.

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Freedom of speech and press, but there are consequences in a workplace.

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Unconstitutional to have students pray or say the pledge in school.

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Judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful.

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise.

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A test courts may issue to determine the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance.

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Ruled that states are required to provide attorney.

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It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as separate but equal.

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An African American man who fought that since he was taken to a free state, that he then would become free.

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Affirmed the legality of a woman's right to have an abortion under the Fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.

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nded segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.

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Practice of segregating black people in the US.

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An action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

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From the 1890s to the 1960s, many state governments in the Southern United States administered literacy tests to prospective voters purportedly to test their literacy in order to vote.

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evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts, as unconstitutional.

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no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws".

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The Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination requires law enforcement officials to advise a suspect interrogated in custody of his or her rights to remain silent and to obtain an attorney.

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State laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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It is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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Constitutional doctrine through which the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution (known as the Bill of Rights) are made applicable to the states through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

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Legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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Allows race to be a factor by Universities.

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Police are not allowed to search a person without a good reason to.

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Separation enforced by law

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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

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A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination.

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Conveying an idea or message through behavior.

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You can not prosecute a person twice for the same offense.

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Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

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The clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.