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SIOUX

Sioux is a group there is also known as Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, are groups of Native American Tribes (Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other things) Before the middle of the 17th century, the Santee Sioux lived in the area around Lake Superior, where they gathered wild rice and other foods, hunted deer and buffalo, and speared fish from canoes. Prolonged and continual warfare with the Ojibwa to their east drove the Santee into what is now southern and western Minnesota, at that time the territory of the agricultural Teton and Yankton. In turn, the Santee forced these two groups from Minnesota into what are now North and South Dakota. Horses were becoming common on the Plains during this period, and the Teton and Yankton abandoned agriculture in favour of an economy centred on the nomadic hunting of bison.

Cheyenne;

The Cheyenne-tribe was a powerful and resourceful tribe of the Great Plains, there hard resisted the white encroachment* of the native Indian lands.

And these names are the most famous chiefs of the Cheyenne tribe.

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LIFESTYLE AND CULTURE

The Cheyenne tribe lived originally as farmers in the Sheyenne River valley.

The tribe was forced to move west on, in the Great Plains by the French and their Chippewa-allies. The Cheyenne chanced their lifestyle ad became nomadic buffalo hunters and lived in tepees. In 1832 the Cheyenne split up into two groups, the Northern Cheyenne, that lived along the river Platte; and the Southern Cheyenne, that lived along the Arkansas-river in Colorado and Kansas. Their name comes from Sioux word that means “Strange Speech People”, then they came into the Sioux lands, where no one understood their language. The Cheyenne tribe were divided into warrior clans, and this is the names;

RITUALS AND CEREMONIES

The ceremonies in the Cheyenne tribe and many other Indians from the Great Plains, included the Sweat Lodge ceremony, the Vision quest and the terrifying Sundance ceremony

THE CHEYENNE “HOME”

They lived in tent homes called tepees. The tepee was constructed from wooden poles, and then was covered with weather-proof animal skin. The tepee is cone shaped, with flaps to the entrance, and at the top the tepee had an open smoke hole. The inside the tepee had a few furniture. They used the buffalo skin to the seating, bedding and covers. The fireplace was built in the middle of the tepee to cooking and heating. Most tepees were about 12 to 16 feet in diameter at the bottom. This type home suited the nomadic lifestyle of the Cheyenne tribe. The tepees were easy and quick to move.

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Feathers

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8 Facts about the Native American. By Kasper & Mathilde D.

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8 Facts about the Native American. By Kasper & Mathilde D.

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1. The Native Americans themselves created the word red skin. After the colonization of Europeans had begun.

2. It was very normal to have more than one wife

3. This is a Tiki Totem. The carved symbols on it had their own special meaning, and the pole was a story about the family and tribes

4. The reason the Indians have war painting in the head is because they mean that the colors red, blue and white procets them from evil spirits.

5.

The Indians lost most of their country, but they still exist

6.

Some of the tribes was only letting their prisoners eat ants.

7.

For the Indians, the smoking symbolized was the connection between Earth, Heaven and the universe's energies. Therefore, they often smoke by praying and meditation.

8.

Indians often changed names when they became adults. And sometimes they also changed names if they got a new status in the tribe.

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What is pow wow?

A pow wow is a type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing and honor their cultures. Pow wows can be private or public. There is a dancing competition with many different types of dances, music. Often is there a significant prize money awarded. Pow wows could be one day long, and it can also be a week long.

The dance tradition

Pow wow dancers are crow hop some be make out of a north drum or a horse steel song of a south drum; There are also "double beat", "sneak up" and, for Women's Traditional and Jingle, "sidestep".

The music

The music comes only form the drums and panpipe. A panpipe is a pipe. Some people sing also.

We choose this because it's look fun the name and it was one of them there not was taken.

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The green corn festival is a festival, dance and ceremony, it’s a harvest celebration but also a religious ceremony. Creek, Cherokee, Seminole, Yuchi, and Iroquois Indians is primarily the tribes that does this ceremony. The ceremony is typically held when the first corn is ready to be harvest. There is not an exact date, it’s all up to the corn. The ceremony lasts for several days. The first few days are known as the busk. People fast, cleanse themselves, and their homes. Men and women then drink an herbal concoction, the “Black Drink” that helps cleanse and purify their bodies (it induces vomiting). Then the first corn harvest is tasted and followed by dancing, singing, playing and feasting. Many of the foods they eat to the festival is something to do with corn: corn tortillas, corn bread, roast corn, corn soup etc. To the festival a popular ball game can also be played. Teams of boys and girls try to hit a target on a large pole, the original source of lacrosse. The game varies, of course, from tribe to tribe. In the Creek Indian tribes, the women perform the Ribbon Dance. Women adorned with vivid ribbons, rattles, and shells dance for three hours. Four women who have been appointed (for life) by the elders of the tribe do the dance.You can go to the Santa Ana Pueblo, located sixteen miles north of Albuquerque, (New Mexico, USA) who has an annual feast day, open to the public, on July 26th with a green corn dance and fiesta.

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Native American Clothes, by Zagge and Sofie GG
Native American clothes

What materials did they use?

The primary materials used by native Americans in their clothing was made from animal’s hides.  When they terminate an animal, could they both eat the animal meat and used the skin to make clothes. Some tribes could make clothes of plants. The woman’s make all the clothes in the hand.  They will lens hood the skin, so it became leather. After that they will sew the leather to piece of clothes.

Decorations

The way they will decorate the clothes is with feather and fur from rabbit or hermelin. After the Europeans arrived, glass beads to decorate their clothes.

What clothing did the man wear?

Most of the Indian men wore a breechcloth. It was a piece of cloth that covered the private areas. In the winter and in the cold areas the men wore leggings to keep their legs warm.

What clothing did Native American woman wear?

The native Americans woman hat often a skirt or leggings. On the upper body, they have shirt or tunic.

The moccasin

Most of the Indians people there a kind of footwear called a moccasin. It was a shoe make by a soft leather.

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Feathers
Feathers means a lot to Native American.  A feather isn’t just something that falls out of a bird, it means much more.  The feather symbolizes trust, honor, strength, power, freedom and many more things. To be given one of these is to be hand picked out of the rest of the men or women in the tribe it´s like getting a gift from a high official.

The only way an Indian can get one of these feathers is by doing a brave deed, like fighting off a bear or going up against the enemy. They were never allowed to wear the feather until they went in front of their tribal court and retold the story of their victory. It was at this time that they could put it in their headpiece. Only chieftains, warriors, and braves have ever been awarded this special gift.

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Native American Animism

Animism is a religious belief that everything has a soul. Many Native American tribes hold the belief that each of their people have animal totems that are spirit guides who might appear in dreams, or Vision Quests, in the form of an animal. These Animal Totems, or spirit guides walk through life with the animists, teaching and guiding them, and in some instances protecting them. Their conviction in their beliefs involves rituals and ceremonies intended to celebrate and honor the animal totems.

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Smoke signals are one of the oldest forms of long-distance communication. Smoke signals are used to transmit news, signal danger, or gather people to a common area.

When the native Americans had made a fire they would cover it with a wet towel and when they released it, it would create a black smoke that could been seen from miles away.

When using smoke signals there is one drawback and that is that the enemy also could see the signals, therefore there wasn’t any particular codes, every tribe had its own system. The meaning of the smoke signal was only known by the sender and receiver of the signal. The native Americans would commonly use the signals to announce battle or to call for reinforcements.

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The Native Americans build the canoes by them selves, so they had something they could use for transportation.
When they were sailing, they had to look out for stones, because stones could easily destroy the bottom of the canoe in seconds.
So it was a good thing, that the canoe could be repaired even faster.
In the 1800 hundred, the canoe was changed...
A canoe is a lightweight narrow vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel using a single-bladed paddle.[1] In International Canoe Federation nomenclature used in some European countries such as the United Kingdom, the term "canoe" refers to kayaks,[2] while canoes are called Canadian canoes.

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Herbal Medicine Plants, by Lucas and Viktor

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Herbal Medicine Plants, by Lucas and Viktor

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The Native American tribes have a Shaman or a Medicine Man that use special plants to heal the people in the tribe. If they got sick or hurt. They learned from the elder about how to see difference between toxic plants and good plants that can be used in medicine. They harvest different plants at different time of the season some flowers just before they opened or just after. Seeds were gathered after the fruit had completely matured.

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Death Ceremonies is where, the Native Americans celebrated Death. They celebrated death because they believed, that it was end of life on Earth, but believing it to be the start of life in the spirit world.

A lot of tribes believed, that the journey will be long, so the tribe performed rituals, after the death. They performed rituals because, they wanted the spirit to have a save journey to the spirit world. Different tribes gave the spirit food, herbs, weapons and gifts to ensure a safe journey.

In the past some tribes would even sacrifice slaves and horses in honour of the person who had died.

They also wash the death body with natural yucca suds, and they dressed them in traditional clothes.

Often the death of a child would have its own specific rituals. In the Ojibwa or Chippewa tribes, a doll would be made from the dead child’s hair. The mother would carry it with her for a year, symbolizing the grief she is carrying.

The Hopi Indians believed, that those who have lived a righteous life will travel with ease. However, those who haven’t will encounter suffering on their journey.