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What is the name of a structure that looks similar but has a different functions in different organisms?
a homologous structure

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Why is ecology important?
It is important because it tracks the changes in population size and that is important to keep up with.

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What trophic level obtains the least amount of energy?
The Tertiary consumer

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What is the function of the petals?
The petals attract pollinators to the flower.

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What is the point of a pedigree?
To see where the genetic difference started.

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Where does transcription occur?
It occurs in the nucleus.

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How does water go through the cell membrane?
Water uses osmisis

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This song gives a small example of ecology and it explains how it effects organisms. It also states how we can help fix the issues.

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Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology) - Marvin Gaye

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This song explains how energy travels through the ecosystem and how much of it is transported

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Flow of energy and matter through ecosystems

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Seeing how energy and matter flows and is recycled from primary producers (autotrophs) to primary, secondary and tertiary consumers.

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This song explains the different parts of a plant and the functions of those different structures.

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Parts of a Plant | #aumsum #kids #science #education #children

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This video is a soft song the explains what Darwin discovered and how evolution came to be discovered.

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YouTube   Darwin's Revolution   Evolution Song

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This is a fun little song that talks about the genes and explains genes. It explains how they are formed and where you obtain them from.

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This video describes the function and usage of protein synthesis. It gives a clear explanation on what it's function is and why it is important.

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DNA and Protein Synthesis I

To begin, let's ask ourselves this question: 'What makes your biological characteristics different than those of your friends, parents, or siblings?' The answer is that your DNA is unique. DNA is the primary genetic material contained within your cells and in nearly all organisms. It's used to create proteins during protein synthesis, which is a multi-step process that takes the coded message of DNA and converts it into a usable protein molecule.

While that may sound confusing, the process can be broken down into simple steps. The first of these steps is the one that utilizes DNA and it's called transcription, which is the process of using DNA to create messenger RNA, also simply called mRNA. This mRNA is a molecule that carries DNA's coded instructions for making a protein. Let's break down the process of transcription below and further explore DNA's role in protein synthesis.

Structure of DNA

To understand the role of DNA in protein synthesis, we first need to understand the basic structure of DNA. DNA is constructed as a double helix. To picture this, think of a twisted ladder, as you can see in this image:

At the front of this image, the molecule is unwound, so you can see the bonding pattern of DNA's bases, which are the subunits of DNA it is built from. There are four bases - adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine - and each is usually represented by the first letter in their name: A, T, C, and G, respectively. When combined, these bases form your genetic code.

They are arranged on two different strands (the two sides of the twisted ladder). The code on one strand dictates the code on the opposite strand, because the bases pair up in a specific pattern. Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). This pattern is important because it will serve as the template for making our mRNA molecule. But first, let's consider this question: 'Why must cells produce mRNA?'

Why Cells Need mRNA

So far we've learned that:

1. DNA is the genetic material within cells.

2. DNA is used to build protein.

3. DNA is built like a twisted ladder.

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what is the role of dna in protein synthesis? - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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What Is the Role of DNA in Protein Synthesis? - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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To begin, let's ask ourselves this question: 'What makes your biological characteristics different than those of your friends, parents, or siblings?' The answer is that your DNA is unique.

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This video i about the different transports of water into and out of the cells. This video gives both passive and active transport. It also explains them and shows them.

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Concentration Gradients

Cells have a pretty sophisticated cell membrane, which acts as a barrier to the outside world. We've described this membrane as selectively permeable, meaning not just anything can get through it. The key to this phrase is that the cell membrane is selective, but not impermeable. This is something like how you would keep your home. The walls of your house create a boundary and define the space, but there are still doors and there are windows through which you can let in your friends or some fresh air on a summer's day.

So, what crosses a cell membrane and why? There are several types of ways to transport things across a cell membrane. When and how things travel depends largely on the concentration of solutes in your cells, or the dissolved molecules. In this lesson, we'll discuss methods of transporting solutes across a concentration gradient.

A concentration gradient is a gradual difference in solute concentration between two areas. In this case, it's the difference in solute concentration between the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell. Solutes here would move by diffusion, or movement from a higher concentration of solutes to a lower concentration of solutes in order to equalize solute concentration. This evens out the concentration on both sides.

This is like what happens when you leave the windows of your house open while your neighbor is having a barbecue. The smell might diffuse from next door, where the smell is stronger in the air, into your house, where, unfortunately, there are no hamburgers on the grill. Diffusion occurs until the inside of your house smells like the outside.

Passive Transport: Simple Diffusion

Diffusion across a cell membrane is a type of passive transport, or transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy. Remember that the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer. Although the inside and the outside of a cell are both water-based, there is a hydrophobic region in the middle, and this is an important barrier to anything large, charged, or hydrophilic. Molecules that are hydrophobic, just like the hydrophobic region, can pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion.

Therefore, simple diffusion is the unassisted passage of small, hydrophobic, nonpolar molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. Very small molecules can slip through the cell membrane, too, even if they are hydrophilic - just like a few ants might crawl through a crack in the wall just because they're tiny.

Passive Transport: Facilitated Diffusion

So, how do large, charged, or hydrophilic molecules pass through the cell membrane if they can't simply just diffuse in? Think of how your friends come into your house. Under most circumstances, they'll use a door. A package delivered at your residence would come through your door, too, but it would need someone to carry it in. A fly might come through an open window on its own, while a squirrel could come down your chimney! There are different types of passageways into the cell just like there are different ways to get into your home, depending on who or what is trying to get through. Each method of passage through the cell membrane might be useful to different molecules.

Facilitated diffusion is passive transport that uses integral membrane proteins to help larger, charged, hydrophilic, and polar molecules across a concentration gradient. Remember that integral membrane proteins span the phospholipid bilayer, connecting the inside and the outside of the cell.

There are two types of integral membrane proteins that help transport molecules, like ions and polar molecules, that can't diffuse on their own through the hydrophobic layer. The first are carrier proteins, which are proteins that bind a molecule to facilitate transport through a cell membrane. The second are channel proteins, which are proteins that create a passageway to transport molecules and ions through the cell membrane. This channel protein creates a pore through the hydrophobic region that allows polar molecules to just pass right through.

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passive transport in cells: simple and facilitated diffusion & osmosis - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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Passive Transport in Cells: Simple and Facilitated Diffusion & Osmosis - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Cells have a pretty sophisticated cell membrane, which acts as a barrier to the outside world. We've described this membrane as selectively permeable, meaning not just anything can get through it. The key to this phrase is that the cell membrane is selective, but not impermeable.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Start studying Unit 10: Ecology. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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Unit 9: Matter and Energy Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 9: Matter and Energy. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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Start studying unit 8: Plants. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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Start studying unit 7: Evolution. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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unit 5: DNA & Protein Synthesis Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying unit 5: DNA & Protein Synthesis. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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Unit 6: Genetics & Biotechnology Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 6: Genetics & Biotechnology. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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Unit 3: cell transport and water properties Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 3: cell transport and water properties. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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what is the function of the occipital lobe?
The occipital controls the sight of the body.

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Unit 11: Body systems Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 11: Body systems. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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Which process can cause cancer mitosis or meiosis?
Mitosis is the cause of cancer because the cells produced in mitosis can reproduce uncontrollably causing cancer.

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Unit 4: Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 4: Mitosis and Meiosis. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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This video is a rap that describes the main importance of mitosis and Meiosis. It also mentions who discovered but of these concepts. It is a fun way to learn part of the content about Mieodis and Mitosis.

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Mitosis vs Meiosis Rap Battle! | SCIENCE SONGS

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What is the difference between Animal and plant cells?
Plant cells have three different structures that the animal cells don't need or have, and those structures are a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts.

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This video tells you the main parts of a plant and animal cell while also telling you about the functions of each organelle. The song gives a catchier tune to help you remember the parts and their functions.

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How many times can you preform the scientific process?
You can repeat the scientific process as many times as you need to in order to collect proper data.

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The scientific method is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions.

The interactive diagram below may help you understand the scientific method and how it is applied to an experiment. You can click on parts of the diagram to learn more. Use the "return to top" button to return to the diagram for more exploration.

1. Ask a Question

The scientific method starts when you ask a question about something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where?

For a science fair project some teachers require that the question be something you can measure, preferably with a number.

For detailed help with this step, use these resources:

2. Do Background Research

Rather than starting from scratch in putting together a plan for answering your question, you want to be a savvy scientist using library and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things and ensure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past.

For detailed help with this step, use these resources:

3. Construct a Hypothesis

A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work. It is an attempt to answer your question with an explanation that can be tested. A good hypothesis allows you to then make a prediction:
"If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will happen."

State both your hypothesis and the resulting prediction you will be testing. Predictions must be easy to measure.

For detailed help with this step, use these resources:

4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment

Your experiment tests whether your prediction is accurate and thus your hypothesis is supported or not. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. You conduct a fair test by making sure that you change only one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the same.

You should also repeat your experiments several times to make sure that the first results weren't just an accident.

For detailed help with this step, use these resources:

5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion

Once your experiment is complete, you collect your measurements and analyze them to see if they support your hypothesis or not.

Scientists often find that their predictions were not accurate and their hypothesis was not supported, and in such cases they will communicate the results of their experiment and then go back and construct a new hypothesis and prediction based on the information they learned during their experiment. This starts much of the process of the scientific method over again. Even if they find that their hypothesis was supported, they may want to test it again in a new way.

For detailed help with this step, use these resources:

6. Communicate Your Results

To complete your science fair project you will communicate your results to others in a final report and/or a display board. Professional scientists do almost exactly the same thing by publishing their final report in a scientific journal or by presenting their results on a poster or during a talk at a scientific meeting. In a science fair, judges are interested in your findings regardless of whether or not they support your original hypothesis.

For detailed help with this step, use these resources:

The six steps of the scientific method include: 1) asking a question about something you observe, 2) doing background research to learn what is already known about the topic, 3) constructing a hypothesis, 4) experimenting to test the hypothesis, 5) analyzing the data from the experiment and drawing conclusions, and 6) communicating the results to others.

A simple example of the scientific method is:

Ask a Question: Why does Greenland look so large on a map?

Background Research: Learn that Greenland is a quarter the size of the United States in land mass. Also learn that Mercator projection maps are made by transferring the images from a sphere to a sheet of paper wrapped around the sphere in a cylinder.

Hypothesis: If I make a Mercator projection map, then the items in the middle of the map will look their true size and the items at the poles will look larger than they really are.

Experiment: Use a sphere with 1-inch by 1-inch squares at each pole and the equator to make a Mercator projection map. Measure the squares on the Mercator projection map.

Analyze Data and Make Conclusions: The middle-of-the-map squares average 1 inch per side while the squares at the poles average 3 inches per side. In conclusion, the projection process used to make Mercator projection maps creates distortion at the poles, but not at the equator. This is why Greenland, which is close to the North Pole, looks larger than it is.

Communicate: Make a video, write a report, or give a presentation to educate others about the experiment.

Who invented the scientific method?

The scientific method was not invented by any one person, but is the outcome of centuries of debate about how best to find out how the natural world works. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was among the first known people to promote that observation and reasoning must be applied to figure out how nature works. The Arab Muslim mathematician and scientist Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (known in the western world as Alhazen) is often cited as the first person to write about the importance of experimentation. Since then, a large number of scientists have written about how science should ideally be conducted and contributed to our modern understanding of the scientific method. Those scientists include Roger Bacon, Thomas Aquinas, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, John Hume, and John Stuart Mill. Scientists today continue to evolve and refine the scientific method as they explore new techniques and new areas of science.

Scientists do use the scientific method, but not always exactly as laid out in the organized steps taught in the classroom. Just like a chef might make a few changes to a recipe because of the ingredients at hand, a scientist may modify the scientific method by skipping steps, jumping back and forth between steps, or repeating a subset of the steps because he or she is dealing with imperfect real-world conditions. But scientists always strive to keep to the core principles of the scientific method by using observations, experiments, and data to support or reject explanations of how a phenomenon works. While experimenting is considered the best way to test explanations, there are areas of science, like astronomy, where this is not always possible.

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This project guide provides a detailed introduction to the steps of the scientific method.

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This video discusses in depth what the scientific process is and what the different steps are. It explains each step to you and gives you an explanation of it. It also explains what using the scientific process can prove.

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The Scientific Method: Steps, Examples, Tips, and Exercise

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Scientific process is the process in which scientists use when studying certain topics. They take certain steps to develop each and every thought put into an experiment. The observe, hypothesize, and they conclude. They are constantly testing different possibilities and hypothesizes.

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This unit teaches you of the different body structures and their function. The main structures gone over are the heart, brain, and the reproductive organs. The functions of all the important parts are gone over and the systems they belong to are explained. The blood flow of the heart is gone over and the different functions of the brain are also gone over. The reproductive systems are gone over in depth on each part of both the Male and female reproductive organs.

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Ecology is the study of ecological factors. This unit explains the different things that affect ecology and how the impacts made can be prevented. The are many ecological factors that are man-made and are causing harm to the environment.

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This unit is about the energy that is passed through food chains and webs. It also is about matter such as the total amount of living cells in a trophic level. The matter and energy unit is about slowing of the energy and matter that is on earth. It discusses how it is transferred and how it works, along with how it is apart of living life. There are thousands of ways to obtain energy and encounter different types of matter.

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This unit explains the different types of plants and their structures. It goes over the importance of each structure and how they help plants reproduce or produce their food. Plants are the beginning of a food chain/food web. They are considered primary producers. They gain their energy from the sun. Plants have various different parts that help them produce their food and pollinate their selves.

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This unit is about the evolution in species. It discusses how species change and evolve over time to survive in high quantities. Evolution helps animals suit their habitat in a more efficient way. It helps the become genetically different and then whichever trait is better it becomes a dominant trait.

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This unit discusses genetic variations and genetics being placed by a person. This tells of how genetic variation is important and how sometimes scientists insert specific genetics. The genetics of a person are important and naturally they come form the parents of that person.

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This unit is about the transcription and translations of DNA along with the different amino acids. It also discusses where the certain step occur and hat they form. RNA becomes proteins and it becomes a codon which is a molecule with three nitrogen bases.

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This unit is about the production of cells. Mitosis is the production of body cells and the cells become diploids in this process. Meiosis is the production of gametes and the cells are made into haploids. Gametes are also know as sex cells, which are also know as the egg and sperm cells. Meiosis goes through two cycles of mitosis but in the first cycle a cross over occurs causing genetic variation in the gametes. Mitosis creates exact copies of an original cell, while meiosis creates four genetically different gametes.

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unit 3: Cell Transport & Water properties

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unit 3: Cell Transport & Water properties

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This unit is about the properties of water and how things are transported through the cell. The cell membrane is a big part of controlling what's transported into the cell and what is not allowed in. Water properties help to let it be allowed through the cell membrane.

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This unit is about the different parts of both the animal and plant cell. It teaches the different functions and how they perform those function. There are different structures, but most are the same between plant and animal cells.

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Ten Vocabulary Words:

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Unit 1: Scientific Processes Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 1: Scientific Processes. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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1. Scientific Processes
2. Cell Structure & Function
3. Cell Transport & Water Properties
4. Mitosis & Meiosis
5. DNA &Protein Synthesis
6. Genetics Biotechnology
7. Evolution
8. Plants
9. Mater & Energy
10. Ecology
11.Human Body Systems