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Congress tried to find another comprimise that would work, but they were failing to do so. Two events, Abraham Lincoln saying that there should not be a compromise, for he would not let slavery expand into the territories, and South Carolina left the union, resulting in many other southern states leaving the union, these states joined together as the Confederate States of America.

Source: http://www.civil-conflict.org/civil-war-history/confederate-states-of-america.htm

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The Republicans were united under Lincohn, and the Democrats were split among Douglas and Breckenridge. Lincohn won by only 40%, all in the north, because in the south he was not even on the ballot, which made the south realize they were now the minority.

Source: http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/t/3/t3b/courses/SpCom597Spring2002/spcom597Cspring2002syllabus.htm

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Abolitionist John Brown took a more violent approach to slavery, he planned to steal weapons from a federal arsenal to arm slaves and start a rebellion. During the day of the raid, all his men were captured or killed, and we was sentenced to death, but the rebellion made the South realize it would be themselves that would be harmed by a slave rebellion, and the North saw John Brown as a hero, bothering the South further.
Source: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/john-browns-day-of-reckoning-139165084/

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Lincoln ran against Douglas in the senate race, who thought the nation could go on half slave and half free. Lincoln argued during the debates that slavery was a major issue and could not go one at rest forever, and though he lost, his argument helped people realize compromises were impossible and brought the issue of slavery up again.

Source: http://www.cambridgeblog.org/2012/09/the-real-legacy-of-the-lincoln-douglas-debates/

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Dred Scott, a former slave, was brought to Wisconsin with his owner, and when they went back to Missouri, he tried to win his freedom arguing that being in Wisconsin made him free. Congress decided to reject his claim, because he wasn´t an american citizen, and no African American could become one, and because taking him away from his owner would be unconstitutional, because slaves are property and cannot be taken away, delighting slaveholders, but greatly angered Northeners

Source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2932.html

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Sunner, Senator of Massachusetts, wrote a speech called "The Crime Against Kansas" about how slavery was a violent attack on the before innocent Kansas. His speech was distributed by Northerners and he was praised for his work. However, the representative for South Carolina, Preston Brooks, beat him with a cane until it broke, Southerners praised him for defending his family and the South, while the Northerners saw it as no better than the proslavery people who attacked Lawrance, this upset everyone, a Conneticut student even wrote to Sunners about going to war.

Source: http://www.ushistory.org/us/31e.asp

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Most who moved to Kansas were peaceful farmers, but some were abolitionists or pro-slavery people. The proslavery settlers invaded Lawrence, burned buildings, and destroyed abolitionists printing presses, but as revenge, John Brown, a defiant abolitionist, led a group of people to a proslavery town called Pottawatomie and killed five suspects of the violence in Lawrence

Source: https://www.civilwar.org/learn/biographies/john-brown

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The Senator of Illinois, Douglas, created the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which added the Kansas and Nebraska Territories, and abolished the Missouri Compromise, because in these new territories, popular sovereignty, . or majority, decided if it was a slave or free state. This upset the North because they were afraid that the territories would become slave states, resulting in more slavery.

Source: http://www.ushistory.org/us/31a.asp

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The Fuguitive Slave Act was not well liked by all, Northerners felt like it shouldn't exist, Southerners felt like it was not well enough enforced. Anyone in the North who helped the fugitive slaves, or even did not help find them, would be jailed, causing lots of opposition to the act.

Source: http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/fugitive-slave-acts

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Henry Clay, a senator from Kentucky, came up with a Compromise, which would admit California as a free state, and then would allow the territory of Utah and New Mexico to decide if they would allow slavery. The compromise would also stop the trade of Slaves in Washington D.C., but slaveholders would still be allowed to keep the slaves they had. It also proposed a fugitive slave law, which southerners desperately wanted. The compromise was debated angrily over nine months, and the South considered leaving the Union peacefully and for good. However, as tension rose, Congress decided to pass the Compromise, and most Americans were glad the crisis was finally over.

Source:http://www.ushistory.org/us/30d.asp

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Southerners proposed a bill that extended the line made by the Missouri Compromise all the way to the Pacific Ocean, which was rejected by the Northerners. California applied for admission the the U.S. as a free state, which northerners welcomed, but Southerners did not, because it would upset the balance between free and slave states, so Congress was stuck could not admit California, while Southeners talked about withdrawing from the U.S. and Northerners talked about the violation to human rights slavery caused.

Source: http://www.counties.org/county-history

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The gag rule ceased the issue of slavery in Congress for ten years, but then a war was initiated with Mexico. David Wilmot, the representative for Pennsylvania, added an amendment to the Wilmot Proviso, which prohibited forced work or slavery in any territory the U.S. gains from the war with Mexico, but Southerners hated the bill, and was passed by the House but rejected by the Senate

Source: http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/polk/aa_polk_wilmot_1.html

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There were no major slave rebellions after Nat Turner's, but slaves continued running away. Because slaves were considered property, slaveholders pressured Congress to pass a fugitive slave law to help them recapture the fugitive slaves.

Source: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=8&psid=2315&filepath=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/primarysources_upload/images/reward_for_runaway_l.jpg

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Congress voted in 1836 to table all antislavery petitions, called the "gag rule" because it silenced all debate over slavery in the government, which outraged abolitionists. This did not stop abolitionists from distributing their ideas, and the South's hate for abolitionism turned into fear, so they made strict new laws to control the slaves and abolitionists.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/abolitionist-movement

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The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was a compromise that admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. This maintained the balance of power between free and slave states, but it did not please everyone and did not settle the major prevailing issue of slavery.

Source: https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/module/15452/overview