# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. It helps make life possible by providing us with air to breathe, shielding us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, trapping heat to warm the planet, and preventing extreme temperature differences between day and night. Without the atmosphere, temperatures would be well below freezing everywhere on Earth’s surface. Instead, the heat absorbed and trapped by our atmosphere keeps our planet’s average surface temperature at a balmy 15°C (59°F). Some of the atmosphere’s gases, like carbon dioxide, are particularly good at absorbing and trapping radiation. Changes in the amounts of these gases directly affect our climate.

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To print the story please do so via the link in the story toolbar.

The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. It helps make life possible by providing us with air to breathe, shielding us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, trapping heat to warm the planet, and preventing extreme temperature differences between day and night. Without the atmosphere, temperatures would be well below freezing everywhere on Earth's surface. Instead, the heat absorbed and trapped by our atmosphere keeps our planet's average surface temperature at a balmy 15°C (59°F). Some of the atmosphere's gases, like carbon dioxide, are particularly good at absorbing and trapping radiation. Changes in the amounts of these gases directly affect our climate.

MarineTraffic - Worldwide Ship And Yacht Tracking In Real-time

MarineTraffic - For tracking Ships and Yachts with live tracking maps based on Global AIS Network Data ✅ Vessel types and routes ✅ Ship status and more.

shiptracker.live

Ozone layer facts and information | National Geographic

Human activity has damaged this protective layer of the stratosphere, but scientists say the ozone layer is on track for recovery.

www.nationalgeographic.com

Live Flight Tracker - Real-Time Flight Tracker Map | Flightradar24

Flightradar24 is the best live flight tracker that shows air traffic in real time. Best coverage and cool features!

www.flightradar24.com

What Is the Mesosphere? - Earth How

Highlights of the mesosphere include: (1) Air is very thin (2) It's the coldest region of the atmosphere close to -100°C and (3) It's where meteors burn up.

earthhow.com

What was the Chelyabinsk meteor event?

When an asteroid exploded in the atmosphere above Chelyabinsk, Russia on Feb. 15, 2013, it made history and underscored the importance of planetary...

www.planetary.org

MarineTraffic - Worldwide Ship And Yacht Tracking In Real-time

MarineTraffic - For tracking Ships and Yachts with live tracking maps based on Global AIS Network Data ✅ Vessel types and routes ✅ Ship status and more.

shiptracker.live

Ozone layer facts and information | National Geographic

Human activity has damaged this protective layer of the stratosphere, but scientists say the ozone layer is on track for recovery.

www.nationalgeographic.com

Live Flight Tracker - Real-Time Flight Tracker Map | Flightradar24

Flightradar24 is the best live flight tracker that shows air traffic in real time. Best coverage and cool features!

www.flightradar24.com

What Is the Mesosphere? - Earth How

Highlights of the mesosphere include: (1) Air is very thin (2) It's the coldest region of the atmosphere close to -100°C and (3) It's where meteors burn up.

earthhow.com

What was the Chelyabinsk meteor event?

When an asteroid exploded in the atmosphere above Chelyabinsk, Russia on Feb. 15, 2013, it made history and underscored the importance of planetary...

www.planetary.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. It helps make life possible by providing us with air to breathe, shielding us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, trapping heat to warm the planet, and preventing extreme temperature differences between day and night.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
To print the story please do so via the link in the story toolbar.

The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. It helps make life possible by providing us with air to breathe, shielding us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, trapping heat to warm the planet, and preventing extreme temperature differences between day and night. Without the atmosphere, temperatures would be well below freezing everywhere on Earth's surface. Instead, the heat absorbed and trapped by our atmosphere keeps our planet's average surface temperature at a balmy 15°C (59°F). Some of the atmosphere's gases, like carbon dioxide, are particularly good at absorbing and trapping radiation. Changes in the amounts of these gases directly affect our climate.

The next layer up is called the stratosphere. The stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground. The infamous ozone layer is found within the stratosphere. Ozone molecules in this layer absorb high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun, converting the UV energy into heat. Unlike the troposphere, the stratosphere actually gets warmer the higher you go! That trend of rising temperatures with altitude means that air in the stratosphere lacks the turbulence and updrafts of the troposphere beneath. Commercial passenger jets fly in the lower stratosphere, partly because this less-turbulent layer provides a smoother ride. The jet stream flows near the border between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

An international partnership of five space agencies from 15 countries operates the International Space Station. Learn more about visitors to the space station by country.

The space station has been continuously occupied since November 2000.

An international crew of seven people live and work while traveling at a speed of five miles per second, orbiting Earth about every 90 minutes. Sometimes more are aboard the station during a crew handover.

In 24 hours, the space station makes 16 orbits of Earth, traveling through 16 sunrises and sunsets.

Peggy Whitson set the U.S. record for spending the most total time living and working in space at 665 days on Sept. 2, 2017.

The living and working space in the station is larger than a six-bedroom house (and has six sleeping quarters, two bathrooms, a gym, and a 360-degree view bay window).

To mitigate the loss of muscle and bone mass in the human body in microgravity, the astronauts work out at least two hours a day.

Astronauts and cosmonauts regularly conduct spacewalks for space station construction, maintenance and upgrades.

The solar array wingspan (356 feet, 109 meters) is longer than the world's largest passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380 (262 feet, 80 meters).

https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-facts-and-figures/

The next layer up is called the stratosphere. The stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground. The infamous ozone layer is found within the stratosphere. Ozone molecules in this layer absorb high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun, converting the UV energy into heat. Unlike the troposphere, the stratosphere actually gets warmer the higher you go! That trend of rising temperatures with altitude means that air in the stratosphere lacks the turbulence and updrafts of the troposphere beneath. Commercial passenger jets fly in the lower stratosphere, partly because this less-turbulent layer provides a smoother ride. The jet stream flows near the border between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

An international partnership of five space agencies from 15 countries operates the International Space Station. Learn more about visitors to the space station by country.

The space station has been continuously occupied since November 2000.

An international crew of seven people live and work while traveling at a speed of five miles per second, orbiting Earth about every 90 minutes. Sometimes more are aboard the station during a crew handover.

In 24 hours, the space station makes 16 orbits of Earth, traveling through 16 sunrises and sunsets.

Peggy Whitson set the U.S. record for spending the most total time living and working in space at 665 days on Sept. 2, 2017.

The living and working space in the station is larger than a six-bedroom house (and has six sleeping quarters, two bathrooms, a gym, and a 360-degree view bay window).

To mitigate the loss of muscle and bone mass in the human body in microgravity, the astronauts work out at least two hours a day.

Astronauts and cosmonauts regularly conduct spacewalks for space station construction, maintenance and upgrades.

The solar array wingspan (356 feet, 109 meters) is longer than the world's largest passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380 (262 feet, 80 meters).

https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-facts-and-figures/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. It helps make life possible by providing us with air to breathe, shielding us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, trapping heat to warm the planet, and preventing extreme temperature differences between day and night.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere and for systems interact and affect one another. The geosphere is the earliest interior and the rocks and soil on the surface. The atmosphere is the gas. The hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface, as well as water vapor in the atmosphere. The biosphere is all the areas of Earth where organisms live. The biosphere includes the areas on the earth and the Earth’s surface, the Earth’s bodies of water and the air surrounding earth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. It helps make life possible by providing us with air to breathe, shielding us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, trapping heat to warm the planet, and preventing extreme temperature differences between day and night. Without the atmosphere, temperatures would be well below freezing everywhere on Earth’s surface. Instead, the heat absorbed and trapped by our atmosphere keeps our planet’s average surface temperature at a balmy 15°C (59°F). Some of the atmosphere’s gases, like carbon dioxide, are particularly good at absorbing and trapping radiation. Changes in the amounts of these gases directly affect our climate.

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. It helps make life possible by providing us with air to breathe, shielding us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, trapping heat to warm the planet, and preventing extreme temperature differences between day and night. Without the atmosphere, temperatures would be well below freezing everywhere on Earth’s surface. Instead, the heat absorbed and trapped by our atmosphere keeps our planet’s average surface temperature at a balmy 15°C (59°F). Some of the atmosphere’s gases, like carbon dioxide, are particularly good at absorbing and trapping radiation. Changes in the amounts of these gases directly affect our climate.

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peoples look at the last thing on Padlet for spring & click on it.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is a group of interacting parts of processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four systems........ The Earth’s Layers The Earth is composed of four different layers. Many geologists believe that as the Earth cooled the heavier, denser materials sank to the center and the lighter materials rose to the top. Because of this, the crust is made of the lightest materials (rock- basalts and granites) and the core consists of heavy metals (nickel and iron). The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The Outer and Inner Cores are hotter still with pressures so great that you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of the Earth!!!!!!!

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To print the story please do so via the link in the story toolbar.

A System a group of Interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four Major Systems are Geosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. The Geosphere is the Earth's interior and the rocks and soil on the surface. The Atmosphere is the gases that surround Earth. The Hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth's surface, as well as water vapor in the Atmosphere. The Biosphere is all the areas of Earth where organisms live. The Biosphere includes the areas on and below the Earth's bodies of water, and the air surrounding Earth.

The Earth is composed of four different layers. Many geologists believe that as the Earth cooled the heavier, denser materials sank to the center and the lighter materials rose to the top. Because of this, the crust is made of the lightest materials (rock- basalts and granites) and the core consists of heavy metals (nickel and iron).

The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The Outer and Inner Cores are hotter still with pressures so great that you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of the Earth!!!!!!

The Crust

The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans(oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust). The temperatures of the crust vary from air temperature on top to about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit (870 degrees Celcius) in the deepest parts of the crust. You can bake a loaf of bread in your oven at 350 degrees Fahrenheit , at 1600 degrees F. rocks begin to melt.

The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, plastic mantle which is located below the crust. These plates usually move along smoothly but sometimes they stick and build up pressure. The pressure builds and the rock bends until it snaps. When this occurs an Earthquake is the result!

Convection Currents

The mantle is made of much denser, thicker material, because of this the plates "float" on it like oil floats on water.

Many geologists believe that the mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again and then heating, rising and repeating the cycle over and over. The next time you heat anything like soup or pudding in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the mantle they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents. A conveyor belt in a factory moves boxes like the convection currents in the mantle moves the plates of the Earth.

The Mantle

The mantle is the layer located directly under the sima. It is the largest layer of the Earth, 1800 miles thick. The mantle is composed of very hot, dense rock. This layer of rock even flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. This flow is due to great temperature differences from the bottom to the top of the mantle. The movement of the mantle is the reason that the plates of the Earth move! The temperature of the mantle varies from 1600 degrees Fahrenheit at the top to about 4000 degrees Fahrenheit near the bottom!

The Outer Core

The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. (4000 degrees F. to 9000 degrees F.) The outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state. The outer core is located about 1800 miles beneath the crust and is about 1400 miles thick. The outer core is composed of the melted metals nickel and iron.

The Inner Core

The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place as a solid. The inner core begins about 4000 miles beneath the crust and is about 800 miles thick. The temperatures may reach 9000 degrees F. and the pressures are 45,000,000 pounds per square inch. This is 3,000,000 times the air pressure on you at sea level!!!

In some ways, Earth resembles a giant jigsaw puzzle. That is because its outer surface is composed of about 20 tectonic plates, enormous sections of Earth's crust that roughly fit together and meet at places called plate boundaries.

Plate boundaries are important because they are often associated with earthquakes and volcanoes. When Earth's tectonic plates grind past one another, enormous amounts of energy can be released in the form of earthquakes. Volcanoes are also often found near plate boundaries because molten rock from deep within Earth-called magma-can travel upward at these intersections between plates.

There are many different types of plate boundaries. For example, sections of Earth's crust can come together and collide (a "convergent" plate boundary), spread apart (a "divergent" plate boundary), or slide past one another (a "transform" plate boundary). Each of these types of plate boundaries is associated with different geological features.

Convergent

Typically, a convergent plate boundary-such as the one between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate-forms towering mountain ranges, like the Himalaya, as Earth's crust is crumpled and pushed upward. In some cases, however, a convergent plate boundary can result in one tectonic plate diving underneath another. This process, called "subduction," involves an older, denser tectonic plate being forced deep into the planet underneath a younger, less-dense tectonic plate. When this process occurs in the ocean, an trench">ocean trench can form. These trenches are some of the deepest places in the ocean, and they are often the sites of strong earthquakes.

Divergent

A divergent plate boundary often forms a mountain chain known as a ridge. This feature forms as magma escapes into the space between the spreading tectonic plates. One example of a ridge is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an undersea chain of mountains that formed as two pairs of tectonic plates spread apart: the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate in the north, and the South American Plate and the African Plate in the south. Because ocean ridges are found underwater, often at great depths, they can be hard to study. In fact, scientists know more about the surfaces of some of the other planets in our solar system than they do about ocean ridges.

Continental Rift-Plate Rips Apart

As the plate stretches and thins, the underlying asthenosphere flows upward and expands like a hot-air balloon, lifting the region to higher elevations.

The continental crust breaks along faults, forming long mountain ranges separated by rift valleys.

If divergence continues, the continental crust completely breaks apart and thinner oceanic crust forms between the two continental blocks.

The ocean basin sinks below sea level because the crust is thinner and more dense, and therefore less buoyant.

Earthquakes

You feel the ground suddenly shake, and nearby objects are trembling. An earthquake is happening.

Also called a temblor, an earthquake is caused by the movement of parts of the Earth's crust, its outermost layer. They happen millions of times a year, but most are so small people don't even feel them.

But powerful earthquakes can cause landslides, tsunamis, flooding, and other dangerous events. Most damage and deaths happen in places where a lot of people live, because the shaking causes windows to break, structures to collapse, fire to break out, and other dangers.
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/earthquake

Volcanoes

Volcanoes look like a lot of other mountains or large hills. But unlike other mountains, they can erupt, sending fiery lava and smoke into the area around them. Some volcanic eruptions are so explosive that they can affect the entire planet. That's what happened in 1815. That year, Mount Tambora erupted and released so much ash into the air that it blocked out large amounts of sunlight. Temperatures around the world dropped for months afterward. It was so extreme that 1816 became known as the "year without a summer." In certain parts of western Europe and eastern North America, it snowed in June, July, and August! Most eruptions aren't quite that violent, though.

A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust. When a volcano erupts, hot gases and melted rock from deep within Earth find their way up to the surface. This material may flow slowly out of a fissure, or crack, in the ground, or it may explode suddenly into the air. Volcanic eruptions may be very destructive. But they also create new landforms. There are more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes in the world today.
https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/volcano/353902

The rock cycle describes the processes through which the three main rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) transform from one type into another. The formation, movement and transformation of rocks results from Earth's internal heat, pressure from tectonic processes, and the effects of water, wind, gravity, and biological (including human) activities. The texture, structure, and composition of a rock indicate the conditions under which it formed and tell us about the history of the Earth.

https://ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/rock-cycle/#:~:text=The%20rock%20cycle%20describes%20the,from%20one%20type%20into%20another.

The Earth is composed of four different layers. Many geologists believe that as the Earth cooled the heavier, denser materials sank to the center and the lighter materials rose to the top. Because of this, the crust is made of the lightest materials (rock- basalts and granites) and the core consists of heavy metals (nickel and iron).

The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The Outer and Inner Cores are hotter still with pressures so great that you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of the Earth!!!!!!

The Crust

The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans(oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust). The temperatures of the crust vary from air temperature on top to about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit (870 degrees Celcius) in the deepest parts of the crust. You can bake a loaf of bread in your oven at 350 degrees Fahrenheit , at 1600 degrees F. rocks begin to melt.

The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, plastic mantle which is located below the crust. These plates usually move along smoothly but sometimes they stick and build up pressure. The pressure builds and the rock bends until it snaps. When this occurs an Earthquake is the result!

Convection Currents

The mantle is made of much denser, thicker material, because of this the plates "float" on it like oil floats on water.

Many geologists believe that the mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again and then heating, rising and repeating the cycle over and over. The next time you heat anything like soup or pudding in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the mantle they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents. A conveyor belt in a factory moves boxes like the convection currents in the mantle moves the plates of the Earth.

The Mantle

The mantle is the layer located directly under the sima. It is the largest layer of the Earth, 1800 miles thick. The mantle is composed of very hot, dense rock. This layer of rock even flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. This flow is due to great temperature differences from the bottom to the top of the mantle. The movement of the mantle is the reason that the plates of the Earth move! The temperature of the mantle varies from 1600 degrees Fahrenheit at the top to about 4000 degrees Fahrenheit near the bottom!

The Outer Core

The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. (4000 degrees F. to 9000 degrees F.) The outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state. The outer core is located about 1800 miles beneath the crust and is about 1400 miles thick. The outer core is composed of the melted metals nickel and iron.

The Inner Core

The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place as a solid. The inner core begins about 4000 miles beneath the crust and is about 800 miles thick. The temperatures may reach 9000 degrees F. and the pressures are 45,000,000 pounds per square inch. This is 3,000,000 times the air pressure on you at sea level!!!

In some ways, Earth resembles a giant jigsaw puzzle. That is because its outer surface is composed of about 20 tectonic plates, enormous sections of Earth's crust that roughly fit together and meet at places called plate boundaries.

Plate boundaries are important because they are often associated with earthquakes and volcanoes. When Earth's tectonic plates grind past one another, enormous amounts of energy can be released in the form of earthquakes. Volcanoes are also often found near plate boundaries because molten rock from deep within Earth-called magma-can travel upward at these intersections between plates.

There are many different types of plate boundaries. For example, sections of Earth's crust can come together and collide (a "convergent" plate boundary), spread apart (a "divergent" plate boundary), or slide past one another (a "transform" plate boundary). Each of these types of plate boundaries is associated with different geological features.

Convergent

Typically, a convergent plate boundary-such as the one between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate-forms towering mountain ranges, like the Himalaya, as Earth's crust is crumpled and pushed upward. In some cases, however, a convergent plate boundary can result in one tectonic plate diving underneath another. This process, called "subduction," involves an older, denser tectonic plate being forced deep into the planet underneath a younger, less-dense tectonic plate. When this process occurs in the ocean, an trench">ocean trench can form. These trenches are some of the deepest places in the ocean, and they are often the sites of strong earthquakes.

Divergent

A divergent plate boundary often forms a mountain chain known as a ridge. This feature forms as magma escapes into the space between the spreading tectonic plates. One example of a ridge is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an undersea chain of mountains that formed as two pairs of tectonic plates spread apart: the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate in the north, and the South American Plate and the African Plate in the south. Because ocean ridges are found underwater, often at great depths, they can be hard to study. In fact, scientists know more about the surfaces of some of the other planets in our solar system than they do about ocean ridges.

Continental Rift-Plate Rips Apart

As the plate stretches and thins, the underlying asthenosphere flows upward and expands like a hot-air balloon, lifting the region to higher elevations.

The continental crust breaks along faults, forming long mountain ranges separated by rift valleys.

If divergence continues, the continental crust completely breaks apart and thinner oceanic crust forms between the two continental blocks.

The ocean basin sinks below sea level because the crust is thinner and more dense, and therefore less buoyant.

Earthquakes

You feel the ground suddenly shake, and nearby objects are trembling. An earthquake is happening.

Also called a temblor, an earthquake is caused by the movement of parts of the Earth's crust, its outermost layer. They happen millions of times a year, but most are so small people don't even feel them.

But powerful earthquakes can cause landslides, tsunamis, flooding, and other dangerous events. Most damage and deaths happen in places where a lot of people live, because the shaking causes windows to break, structures to collapse, fire to break out, and other dangers.
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/earthquake

Volcanoes

Volcanoes look like a lot of other mountains or large hills. But unlike other mountains, they can erupt, sending fiery lava and smoke into the area around them. Some volcanic eruptions are so explosive that they can affect the entire planet. That's what happened in 1815. That year, Mount Tambora erupted and released so much ash into the air that it blocked out large amounts of sunlight. Temperatures around the world dropped for months afterward. It was so extreme that 1816 became known as the "year without a summer." In certain parts of western Europe and eastern North America, it snowed in June, July, and August! Most eruptions aren't quite that violent, though.

A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust. When a volcano erupts, hot gases and melted rock from deep within Earth find their way up to the surface. This material may flow slowly out of a fissure, or crack, in the ground, or it may explode suddenly into the air. Volcanic eruptions may be very destructive. But they also create new landforms. There are more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes in the world today.
https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/volcano/353902

The rock cycle describes the processes through which the three main rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) transform from one type into another. The formation, movement and transformation of rocks results from Earth's internal heat, pressure from tectonic processes, and the effects of water, wind, gravity, and biological (including human) activities. The texture, structure, and composition of a rock indicate the conditions under which it formed and tell us about the history of the Earth.

https://ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/rock-cycle/#:~:text=The%20rock%20cycle%20describes%20the,from%20one%20type%20into%20another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A System a group of Interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four Major Systems are Geosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. The Geosphere is the Earth's interior and the rocks and soil on the surface. The Atmosphere is the gases that surround Earth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. The geosphere is the Earth’s interior and the rocks and soil on the surface. The atmosphere is the gases that surround Earth. The hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface, as well as water vapor in the atmosphere. The biosphere is all the areas of Earth’s bodies of water, and the air surrounding Earth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. The geosphere is the Earth’s interior and the rocks and soil on the surface. The atmosphere is the gasses that surround Earth. The hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface, as well as water vapor in the atmosphere. The biosphere is all the areas of Earth where organisms live. The biosphere includes the areas on and below the Earth’s surface, the Earth’s of water, and the air surrounding Earth.

# data[].attributes.body
HEHE

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
To print the story please do so via the link in the story toolbar.

Present Share

...

A system is a group of interacting parts of processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four systems........

The Earth is composed of four different layers. Many geologists believe that as the Earth cooled the heavier, denser materials sank to the center and the lighter materials rose to the top. Because of this, the crust is made of the lightest materials (rock- basalts and granites) and the core consists of heavy metals (nickel and iron).

The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The Outer and Inner Cores are hotter still with pressures so great that you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of the Earth!!!!!!

The Crust

The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans(oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust). The temperatures of the crust vary from air temperature on top to about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit (870 degrees Celcius) in the deepest parts of the crust. You can bake a loaf of bread in your oven at 350 degrees Fahrenheit , at 1600 degrees F. rocks begin to melt.

The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, plastic mantle which is located below the crust. These plates usually move along smoothly but sometimes they stick and build up pressure. The pressure builds and the rock bends until it snaps. When this occurs an Earthquake is the result!
https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/earths-layers-lesson-1

Convection Currents

The mantle is made of much denser, thicker material, because of this the plates "float" on it like oil floats on water.

Many geologists believe that the mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again and then heating, rising and repeating the cycle over and over. The next time you heat anything like soup or pudding in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the mantle they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents. A conveyor belt in a factory moves boxes like the convection currents in the mantle moves the plates of the Earth.
https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/earths-layers-lesson-1

The Inner Core

The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place as a solid. The inner core begins about 4000 miles beneath the crust and is about 800 miles thick. The temperatures may reach 9000 degrees F. and the pressures are 45,000,000 pounds per square inch. This is 3,000,000 times the air pressure on you at sea level!!!
https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/earths-layers-lesson-1

In some ways, Earth resembles a giant jigsaw puzzle. That is because its outer surface is composed of about 20 tectonic plates, enormous sections of Earth's crust that roughly fit together and meet at places called plate boundaries.

Plate boundaries are important because they are often associated with earthquakes and volcanoes. When Earth's tectonic plates grind past one another, enormous amounts of energy can be released in the form of earthquakes. Volcanoes are also often found near plate boundaries because molten rock from deep within Earth-called magma-can travel upward at these intersections between plates.

There are many different types of plate boundaries. For example, sections of Earth's crust can come together and collide (a "convergent" plate boundary), spread apart (a "divergent" plate boundary), or slide past one another (a "transform" plate boundary). Each of these types of plate boundaries is associated with different geological features.

Convergent

Typically, a convergent plate boundary-such as the one between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate-forms towering mountain ranges, like the Himalaya, as Earth's crust is crumpled and pushed upward. In some cases, however, a convergent plate boundary can result in one tectonic plate diving underneath another. This process, called "subduction," involves an older, denser tectonic plate being forced deep into the planet underneath a younger, less-dense tectonic plate. When this process occurs in the ocean, an trench">ocean trench can form. These trenches are some of the deepest places in the ocean, and they are often the sites of strong earthquakes.

Continental Rift-Plate Rips Apart

As the plate stretches and thins, the underlying asthenosphere flows upward and expands like a hot-air balloon, lifting the region to higher elevations.

The continental crust breaks along faults, forming long mountain ranges separated by rift valleys.

Ocean Basin Opens

If divergence continues, the continental crust completely breaks apart and thinner oceanic crust forms between the two continental blocks.

The ocean basin sinks below sea level because the crust is thinner and more dense, and therefore less buoyant.

Earthquakes

You feel the ground suddenly shake, and nearby objects are trembling. An earthquake is happening.

Also called a temblor, an earthquake is caused by the movement of parts of the Earth's crust, its outermost layer. They happen millions of times a year, but most are so small people don't even feel them.

But powerful earthquakes can cause landslides, tsunamis, flooding, and other dangerous events. Most damage and deaths happen in places where a lot of people live, because the shaking causes windows to break, structures to collapse, fire to break out, and other dangers.
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/earthquake

Volcanoes

Volcanoes look like a lot of other mountains or large hills. But unlike other mountains, they can erupt, sending fiery lava and smoke into the area around them. Some volcanic eruptions are so explosive that they can affect the entire planet. That's what happened in 1815. That year, Mount Tambora erupted and released so much ash into the air that it blocked out large amounts of sunlight. Temperatures around the world dropped for months afterward. It was so extreme that 1816 became known as the "year without a summer." In certain parts of western Europe and eastern North America, it snowed in June, July, and August! Most eruptions aren't quite that violent, though.

A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust. When a volcano erupts, hot gases and melted rock from deep within Earth find their way up to the surface. This material may flow slowly out of a fissure, or crack, in the ground, or it may explode suddenly into the air. Volcanic eruptions may be very destructive. But they also create new landforms. There are more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes in the world today.
https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/volcano/353902

The rock cycle describes the processes through which the three main rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) transform from one type into another. The formation, movement and transformation of rocks results from Earth's internal heat, pressure from tectonic processes, and the effects of water, wind, gravity, and biological (including human) activities. The texture, structure, and composition of a rock indicate the conditions under which it formed and tell us about the history of the Earth.

https://ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/rock-cycle/#:~:text=The%20rock%20cycle%20describes%20the,from%20one%20type%20into%20another.

Erosion is the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water. A similar process, weathering, breaks down or dissolvesrock, but does not involve movement. Erosion is the opposite of deposition, the geological process in which earthen materials are deposited, or built up, on a landform. Most erosion is performed by liquid water, wind or ice (usually in the form of a glacier). If the wind is dusty, or water or glacial ice is muddy, erosion is taking place. The brown color indicates that bits of rock and soil are suspended in the fluid (air or water) and being transported from one place to another. This transported material is called sediment.

Liquid water is the major agent of erosion on Earth. Rain, rivers, floods, lakes and the ocean carry away bits of soil and sand and slowly wash away the sediment. Rainfall produces four types of soil erosion: splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion and gully erosion.

Splash erosion describes the impact of a falling raindrop, which can scatter tiny soil particles as far as 0.6 meters (two feet).

Sheet erosion describes erosion caused by runoff.

Rill erosion describes erosion that takes place as runoff develops into discrete streams (rills).

Finally, gully erosion is the stage in which soil particles are transported through large channels.

Gullies carry water for brief periods of time during rainfall or snowmelt but appear as small valleys or crevasses during dry seasons. Valley erosion is the process in which rushing streams and rivers wear away their banks, creating larger and larger valleys.

The ocean is a huge force of erosion. Coastal erosion-the wearing away of rocks, earth or sand on the beach-can change the shape of entire coastlines. During the process of coastal erosion, waves pound rocks into pebbles and pebbles into sand. Waves and currents sometimes transport sand away from beaches, moving the coastline farther inland. Coastal erosion can have a huge impact on human settlement as well as coastal ecosystems. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, for example, was nearly destroyed by coastal erosion.

The battering force of ocean waves also erodes seaside cliffs. The action of erosion can create an array of coastal landscape features. For example, erosion can bore holes that form caves. When water breaks through the back of the cave, it can create an arch. The continual pounding of waves can cause the top of the arch to fall, leaving nothing but rock columns called sea stacks. The seven remaining sea stacks of Twelve Apostles Marine National Park in Victoria, Australia, are among the most dramatic and well-known of these features of coastal erosion.

Soil is a complex mixture of organic material, minerals, air, and water. It ranges from sandy, ocean-weathered beaches to soggy peat bogs and permafrost soils. Soils are a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems, and provide habitat for a large diversity of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Minerals in soil form from the breakdown of rocks by chemical and physical processes as well as the action of plants and microorganisms. Living organisms also contribute organic material to soils from roots, leaves, and decaying biomass. Layers of soil sit on top of partially weathered to intact bedrock (or parent material) that often extends deep into the subsurface.

Soil can actually be separated into 5 main parts. They are:

Humus: A dark, moist soil composed of bits of dead, rotting insects, animals, leaves, roots, sticks, and food. Humus adds nutrients to the soil which plants need to grow and live.

Clay: A soil that holds water. When wet, clay feels slippery and slimy. It is made of particles that are smaller than 0.004 millimeters.

Silt: Soil that looks like fine grains or tiny pieces of rock. Particles classified as silt measure from 0.004 millimeters to 0.006 millimeters.

Sand: Soil that is coarse and drains quickly. Sand particles measure from about 0.006 millimeters to 2.00 millimeters.

Gravel: Visible rock particles, sometimes referred to as pebbles.

The Earth is composed of four different layers. Many geologists believe that as the Earth cooled the heavier, denser materials sank to the center and the lighter materials rose to the top. Because of this, the crust is made of the lightest materials (rock- basalts and granites) and the core consists of heavy metals (nickel and iron).

The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The Outer and Inner Cores are hotter still with pressures so great that you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of the Earth!!!!!!

The Crust

The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans(oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust). The temperatures of the crust vary from air temperature on top to about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit (870 degrees Celcius) in the deepest parts of the crust. You can bake a loaf of bread in your oven at 350 degrees Fahrenheit , at 1600 degrees F. rocks begin to melt.

The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, plastic mantle which is located below the crust. These plates usually move along smoothly but sometimes they stick and build up pressure. The pressure builds and the rock bends until it snaps. When this occurs an Earthquake is the result!
https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/earths-layers-lesson-1

Convection Currents

The mantle is made of much denser, thicker material, because of this the plates "float" on it like oil floats on water.

Many geologists believe that the mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again and then heating, rising and repeating the cycle over and over. The next time you heat anything like soup or pudding in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the mantle they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents. A conveyor belt in a factory moves boxes like the convection currents in the mantle moves the plates of the Earth.
https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/earths-layers-lesson-1

The Inner Core

The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place as a solid. The inner core begins about 4000 miles beneath the crust and is about 800 miles thick. The temperatures may reach 9000 degrees F. and the pressures are 45,000,000 pounds per square inch. This is 3,000,000 times the air pressure on you at sea level!!!
https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/earths-layers-lesson-1

In some ways, Earth resembles a giant jigsaw puzzle. That is because its outer surface is composed of about 20 tectonic plates, enormous sections of Earth's crust that roughly fit together and meet at places called plate boundaries.

Plate boundaries are important because they are often associated with earthquakes and volcanoes. When Earth's tectonic plates grind past one another, enormous amounts of energy can be released in the form of earthquakes. Volcanoes are also often found near plate boundaries because molten rock from deep within Earth-called magma-can travel upward at these intersections between plates.

There are many different types of plate boundaries. For example, sections of Earth's crust can come together and collide (a "convergent" plate boundary), spread apart (a "divergent" plate boundary), or slide past one another (a "transform" plate boundary). Each of these types of plate boundaries is associated with different geological features.

Convergent

Typically, a convergent plate boundary-such as the one between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate-forms towering mountain ranges, like the Himalaya, as Earth's crust is crumpled and pushed upward. In some cases, however, a convergent plate boundary can result in one tectonic plate diving underneath another. This process, called "subduction," involves an older, denser tectonic plate being forced deep into the planet underneath a younger, less-dense tectonic plate. When this process occurs in the ocean, an trench">ocean trench can form. These trenches are some of the deepest places in the ocean, and they are often the sites of strong earthquakes.

Continental Rift-Plate Rips Apart

As the plate stretches and thins, the underlying asthenosphere flows upward and expands like a hot-air balloon, lifting the region to higher elevations.

The continental crust breaks along faults, forming long mountain ranges separated by rift valleys.

Ocean Basin Opens

If divergence continues, the continental crust completely breaks apart and thinner oceanic crust forms between the two continental blocks.

The ocean basin sinks below sea level because the crust is thinner and more dense, and therefore less buoyant.

Earthquakes

You feel the ground suddenly shake, and nearby objects are trembling. An earthquake is happening.

Also called a temblor, an earthquake is caused by the movement of parts of the Earth's crust, its outermost layer. They happen millions of times a year, but most are so small people don't even feel them.

But powerful earthquakes can cause landslides, tsunamis, flooding, and other dangerous events. Most damage and deaths happen in places where a lot of people live, because the shaking causes windows to break, structures to collapse, fire to break out, and other dangers.
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/earthquake

Volcanoes

Volcanoes look like a lot of other mountains or large hills. But unlike other mountains, they can erupt, sending fiery lava and smoke into the area around them. Some volcanic eruptions are so explosive that they can affect the entire planet. That's what happened in 1815. That year, Mount Tambora erupted and released so much ash into the air that it blocked out large amounts of sunlight. Temperatures around the world dropped for months afterward. It was so extreme that 1816 became known as the "year without a summer." In certain parts of western Europe and eastern North America, it snowed in June, July, and August! Most eruptions aren't quite that violent, though.

A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust. When a volcano erupts, hot gases and melted rock from deep within Earth find their way up to the surface. This material may flow slowly out of a fissure, or crack, in the ground, or it may explode suddenly into the air. Volcanic eruptions may be very destructive. But they also create new landforms. There are more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes in the world today.
https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/volcano/353902

The rock cycle describes the processes through which the three main rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) transform from one type into another. The formation, movement and transformation of rocks results from Earth's internal heat, pressure from tectonic processes, and the effects of water, wind, gravity, and biological (including human) activities. The texture, structure, and composition of a rock indicate the conditions under which it formed and tell us about the history of the Earth.

https://ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/rock-cycle/#:~:text=The%20rock%20cycle%20describes%20the,from%20one%20type%20into%20another.

Erosion is the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water. A similar process, weathering, breaks down or dissolvesrock, but does not involve movement. Erosion is the opposite of deposition, the geological process in which earthen materials are deposited, or built up, on a landform. Most erosion is performed by liquid water, wind or ice (usually in the form of a glacier). If the wind is dusty, or water or glacial ice is muddy, erosion is taking place. The brown color indicates that bits of rock and soil are suspended in the fluid (air or water) and being transported from one place to another. This transported material is called sediment.

Liquid water is the major agent of erosion on Earth. Rain, rivers, floods, lakes and the ocean carry away bits of soil and sand and slowly wash away the sediment. Rainfall produces four types of soil erosion: splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion and gully erosion.

Splash erosion describes the impact of a falling raindrop, which can scatter tiny soil particles as far as 0.6 meters (two feet).

Sheet erosion describes erosion caused by runoff.

Rill erosion describes erosion that takes place as runoff develops into discrete streams (rills).

Finally, gully erosion is the stage in which soil particles are transported through large channels.

Gullies carry water for brief periods of time during rainfall or snowmelt but appear as small valleys or crevasses during dry seasons. Valley erosion is the process in which rushing streams and rivers wear away their banks, creating larger and larger valleys.

The ocean is a huge force of erosion. Coastal erosion-the wearing away of rocks, earth or sand on the beach-can change the shape of entire coastlines. During the process of coastal erosion, waves pound rocks into pebbles and pebbles into sand. Waves and currents sometimes transport sand away from beaches, moving the coastline farther inland. Coastal erosion can have a huge impact on human settlement as well as coastal ecosystems. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, for example, was nearly destroyed by coastal erosion.

The battering force of ocean waves also erodes seaside cliffs. The action of erosion can create an array of coastal landscape features. For example, erosion can bore holes that form caves. When water breaks through the back of the cave, it can create an arch. The continual pounding of waves can cause the top of the arch to fall, leaving nothing but rock columns called sea stacks. The seven remaining sea stacks of Twelve Apostles Marine National Park in Victoria, Australia, are among the most dramatic and well-known of these features of coastal erosion.

Soil is a complex mixture of organic material, minerals, air, and water. It ranges from sandy, ocean-weathered beaches to soggy peat bogs and permafrost soils. Soils are a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems, and provide habitat for a large diversity of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Minerals in soil form from the breakdown of rocks by chemical and physical processes as well as the action of plants and microorganisms. Living organisms also contribute organic material to soils from roots, leaves, and decaying biomass. Layers of soil sit on top of partially weathered to intact bedrock (or parent material) that often extends deep into the subsurface.

Soil can actually be separated into 5 main parts. They are:

Humus: A dark, moist soil composed of bits of dead, rotting insects, animals, leaves, roots, sticks, and food. Humus adds nutrients to the soil which plants need to grow and live.

Clay: A soil that holds water. When wet, clay feels slippery and slimy. It is made of particles that are smaller than 0.004 millimeters.

Silt: Soil that looks like fine grains or tiny pieces of rock. Particles classified as silt measure from 0.004 millimeters to 0.006 millimeters.

Sand: Soil that is coarse and drains quickly. Sand particles measure from about 0.006 millimeters to 2.00 millimeters.

Gravel: Visible rock particles, sometimes referred to as pebbles.

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A system is a group of interacting parts of processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four systems........ The Earth's Layers The Earth is composed of four different layers. Many geologists believe that as the Earth cooled the heavier, denser materials sank to the center and the lighter materials rose to the top.

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A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. The geosphere is the Earth’s interior and the rucks and soil on the surface. The atmosphere is the gases that surround Earth. The hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface, as well as water vapor in the atmosphere. The biosphere is all the areas of Earth where organisms live. The biosphere includes the areas on and below the Earth’s surface, the Earth bodies of water, and the air surrounding Earth.

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A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole.Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere, and biosphere. There four systems interact and affect and affect one another.The geosphere is the Earth’s interior and the rocks and soil on the surface. The atmosphere is the gases that surround Earth. The hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface,as well as water vapor in the atmosphere . The biosphere is all the areas of Earth where organisms live . The biosphere includes the areas on and below the Earth’s surface, the Earth’s bodies of water, and the air surroundings Earth.

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A system is a group of interacting parts of processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact affect one another.The geosphere is the Earth’s interior and the rocks and soil on the surface. The atmosphere is the gases that surround Earth. The hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface, as well as water vapor in the atmosphere. The biosphere is all the areas of Earth where organisms lice. The biosphere includes the areas on and below the Earth’s surface, the Earth’s bodies of water, adn the air surrounding Earth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is a group of interacting parts of processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. The geosphere is the Earth’s interior and the rocks and soil on the surface. The atmosphere is the gasses that surround Earth. The hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface, as well as water vapor in the atmosphere. The biosphere is all the areas of Earth where organisms live. The biosphere includes the areas on and below the Earth’s surface, the Earth’s bodies of water, and the air surrounding Earth.

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Earth's Systems

Earth's Systems

Earth's Systems

Earth's Systems

Earth's Systems

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is a group of interacting parts of processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four systems. Earth’s four major group are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and the biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. The Geosphere is the Earth’s interior and the rocks and the soil on the Surface. The Atmosphere is the gases that surround the Earth. The Hydrosphere is all the liquid and the frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface, as well as water vapor in the Atmosphere. The Biosphere includes the areas on and below the Earth’s surfaces, the Earth’s body of water, and the air surrounding Earth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A System is a Group of interacting parts or Processes that forms a complex whole. First four major systems are geosphere, atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. The geosphere is the interior and rocks and soil on the surface. The Atmosphere is the gases that surround Earth. The hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface as well as water vapor in the atmosphere. The biosphere is all the areas of Earth where organisms live. Biosphere includes the areas on and below the Earth’s surface that Earth’s bodies of water and the air surrounding Earth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is a group of interacting parts of processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four systems........ The Earth’s Layers The Earth is composed of four different layers. Many geologists believe that as the Earth cooled the heavier, denser materials sank to the center and the lighter materials rose to the top. Because of this, the crust is made of the lightest materials (rock- basalts and granites) and the core consists of heavy metals (nickel and iron). The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The Outer and Inner Cores are hotter still with pressures so great that you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of the Earth!!!!!!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere and for systems interact and affect one another. The geosphere is the earliest interior and the rocks and soil on the surface. The atmosphere is the gas. The hydrosphere is all the liquid and frozen water on or below the Earth’s surface, as well as water vapor in the atmosphere. The biosphere is all the areas of Earth where organisms live. The biosphere includes the areas on the earth and the Earth’s surface, the Earth’s bodies of water and the air surrounding earth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sutori is a collaborative instruction and presentation tool for the classroom. For all age groups, Sutori is the perfect partner for Social Studies, English, Language, Arts, STEM and PBL multimedia assignments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sutori is a collaborative instruction and presentation tool for the classroom. For all age groups, Sutori is the perfect partner for Social Studies, English, Language, Arts, STEM and PBL multimedia assignments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sutori is a collaborative instruction and presentation tool for the classroom. For all age groups, Sutori is the perfect partner for Social Studies, English, Language, Arts, STEM and PBL multimedia assignments.

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Nancy Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties. These four layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inter core.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sutori is a collaborative instruction and presentation tool for the classroom. For all age groups, Sutori is the perfect partner for Social Studies, English, Language, Arts, STEM and PBL multimedia assignments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sutori is a collaborative instruction and presentation tool for the classroom. For all age groups, Sutori is the perfect partner for Social Studies, English, Language, Arts, STEM and PBL multimedia assignments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A system is group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sutori is a collaborative instruction and presentation tool for the classroom. For all age groups, Sutori is the perfect partner for Social Studies, English, Language, Arts, STEM and PBL multimedia assignments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A system is group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sutori is a collaborative instruction and presentation tool for the classroom. For all age groups, Sutori is the perfect partner for Social Studies, English, Language, Arts, STEM and PBL multimedia assignments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is group of interacting parts of processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, and biosphere

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
To print the story please do so via the link in the story toolbar.

Rock Cycle - The rock cycle is a series of processes that create and transform the types of rocks in Earth's crust.

Igneous Rocks Formed when magma from the mantle and crust cools, Some rocks form below the Earth's surface and others form above ground when magma is ejected during volcanic eruptions.

Sedimentary Rocks: formed when deposited sediment is compressed, compacted, and cemented together.

Wind: the horizontal movement of air - is cause by differences in atmospheric pressure. Air moves from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. Greater differences in pressure produce stronger winds.

Most of the Earth's water is located in oceans and seas. Oceans and seas cover a little more that 70% of the Earth's surface and contain about 97% of the Earth's water.

Saline (salt) Water: Water that contains between 3 and 5 percent dissolved salts is called saline water (salt water). Salt water is found in oceans and seas.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nacey Larson booklet D Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties. These four layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inter-core. Atmosphere: is divided into five layers, and is mostly composed of a mixture of the gases nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Copy of Environmental Science Nancy Larson Booklet D

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Earth's System Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties. These four layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inter-core. Atmosphere: The atmosphere is divided into five layers, and is mostly composed of a mixture of the gases Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth’s physical properties. These four layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inter-core. Atmosphere: is divided into five layers, and is mostly composed of a mixture of the gases nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). Hydrosphere:…

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To print the story please do so via the link in the story toolbar.

A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties. These four layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inter-core.

Processes that change the physical features, or landforms, of the Earth's crust include weathering, erosion, deposition, volcanic activity, and the movement of tectonic plates.

Rock Cycle - The rock cycle is a series of processes that create and transform the types of rocks in Earth's crust.

Igneous Rocks: Formed when magma from the mantle and crust cools, Some rocks form below the Earth's surface and others form above ground when magma is ejected during volcanic eruptions.

Earth's atmosphere is mostly composed of a mixture of the gases nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The weight of the gases pressing down on Earth is atmospheric pressure, or air pressure.

A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties. These four layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inter-core.

Processes that change the physical features, or landforms, of the Earth's crust include weathering, erosion, deposition, volcanic activity, and the movement of tectonic plates.

Rock Cycle - The rock cycle is a series of processes that create and transform the types of rocks in Earth's crust.

Igneous Rocks: Formed when magma from the mantle and crust cools, Some rocks form below the Earth's surface and others form above ground when magma is ejected during volcanic eruptions.

Earth's atmosphere is mostly composed of a mixture of the gases nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The weight of the gases pressing down on Earth is atmospheric pressure, or air pressure.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy larson booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties. These four layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inter-core. Atmosphere: is divided into five layers, and is mostly composed of a mixture of the gases nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
To print the story please do so via the link in the story toolbar.

A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties. These four layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inter-core.

Processes that change the physical features, or landforms, of the Earth's crust include weathering, erosion, deposition, volcanic activity, and the movement of tectonic plates.

Rock Cycle - The rock cycle is a series of processes that create and transform the types of rocks in Earth's crust.

Earth's atmosphere is mostly composed of a mixture of the gases nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The weight of the gases pressing down on Earth is atmospheric pressure, or air pressure.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Processes that change the physical features, or landforms, of the Earth's crust include weathering, erosion, deposition, volcanic activity, and the movement of tectonic plates.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
To print the story please do so via the link in the story toolbar.

A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties. These four layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inter-core.

Earth's atmosphere is mostly composed of a mixture of the gases nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The weight of the gases pressing down on Earth is atmospheric pressure, or air pressure.

Most of the Earth's water is located in oceans and seas. Oceans and seas cover a little more that 70% of the Earth's surface and contain about 97% of the Earth's water.

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Booklet D Nancy Larson By Eva A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

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Presentations for the classroom in a unique timeline format. On Sutori, teachers and students create a variety of projects, assignments and portfolios. Perfect for the flipped classroom and collaborative work, Sutori’s student-first approach brings the best out of your curriculum and lesson plans.

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Nancy Larson Environmental Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into fou…

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Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere:The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

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Nancy Larson booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that from a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and each other Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the E…

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Presentations for the classroom in a unique timeline format. On Sutori, teachers and students create a variety of projects, assignments and portfolios. Perfect for the flipped classroom and collaborative work, Sutori’s student-first approach brings the best out of your curriculum and lesson plans.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D` A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Booklet D Nancy Larson A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Atmosphere: is divided into five layers, and is mostly composed of a mixture of the gases nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D Earth's Systems A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth’s four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Ear…

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nancy Larson Booklet D A system is a group of interacting parts or processes that form a complex whole. Earth's four major systems are the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. These four systems interact and affect one another. Geosphere: The geosphere is divided into four layers based on the Earth's physical properties.