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A cathedral is laid out to look like a cross.

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a large, circular window with heavily foliated tracery branching out from a common center.

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wooden seats or benches to seat the congregation

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located in Paris
built in 1345
http://www.touropia.com/gothic-cathedrals/

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located in Germany
built in 1248
http://www.touropia.com/gothic-cathedrals/

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located in Florence
built in the 1200"s
http://www.touropia.com/gothic-cathedrals/

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located in a small town near Paris
built in the 13th century
http://www.touropia.com/gothic-cathedrals/

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located in Vienna
Built in 1952
http://www.touropia.com/gothic-cathedrals/

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the principal church of a province or diocese, where the throne of the bishop is placed. By tradition a cathedral faces west-toward the setting sun while congregants face east towards a rising sun-a symbol of Christ's ascension in heaven
The main body, or nave, of the cathedral is usually divided into one main, and two sided aisles.  These lead lead up to the north and south transepts, or arms of the cross, the shape in which a cathedral is traditionally set out.

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in cathedral architecture, the north and south projections or "arms" of the cross

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the main body of a church or cathedral. Sometimes defined as the center aisle only

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a spout usually carved in the shape of an animal or demon, and connected to a gutter for throwing rain water from the roof of a building.

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a buttress arched over at the top to engage with a main well. A principal feature of Gothic architecture, lending strength and solidity to the main structure

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area below the cathedral traditionally reserved for burial chambers

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intersection of the nave, transepts & chancel

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the area of the main altar where services are sung, locating between the crossings and the apse

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part of the altar for the clergy or the choir, bordered by railings

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a mass stone built up to support a wall, usually necessary to strengthen those of great height

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pointed, widely regarded as the main identifiable feature of Gothic architecture. Most common arches are in Lancet, Equilateral, and Ogee.

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semicircular or polygonal end to the choir area and the aisle of the church

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circular aisle which wraps around the aspe

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most cathedrals were made of glass, stone, and concrete.
During the Medieval Times many people made several payments to the Roman Catholic Church which allowed the church to makes these vast cathedrals
The building of the cathedrals took many workers that each specialized in a different thing. example: A master quarryman | A master stone cutter
A master sculptor | A master mortar maker
A master mason | A master carpenter
A master blacksmith | A master roofer
A master glass maker
The construction of the cathedral usually depended on the size and the intricate details but was usually about 500-600 years
Building a Medieval Cathedral - History Learning Site. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval-england/building-a-medieval-cathedral

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Cathedral - Means "throne of the bishop" in latin.

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Cathedral - Means "throne of the bishop" in latin.

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Cathedra in latin means  chair.  They call a cathedral a cathedral because it contains the "throne of the bishop", the chair in which they correspond.
http://www.englishcathedrals.co.uk/cathedrals/about-cathedrals/cathedral-and-bishop/