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I believe the most significant achievement is the discovery and use of plumbing. This is the most significant achievement for a few reasons. First is that by them creating plumbing this allowed them to have fresh water brought into the buildings. Therefore they weren't drinking or bathing with dirty water which also would help reduce the risk of disease. Also, by them creating plumbing they had a way to get rid of their waste. This was far more efficient and hygienic by disposing of their waste through pipes instead of having to do it themselves. With the creation of plumbing, they harnessed the power of what they can do with water. Without their creation of plumbing we may not have water to this day, imagine not being able to shower with clean water that automatically comes out of the shower. In conclusion, plumbing is the most significant achievement in the Indus Valley.

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Daily Life, Inventions, & Accomplishments

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Daily Life, Inventions, & Accomplishments

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The Harappan people made many new and innovative inventions including the wheel and plumbing systems. For transportation they would use animals like many other ancient civilizations, but they also used carts with wheels. This is unique since not many other civilizations had harnessed the power of the wheel at this time. There have also been toys of small carts with wheels found as well. Also during this time plumbing was a brand new concept. Not only did these people figure out how to push waste out, but they discovered how to bring fresh water in. Near the cities large reservoirs of water would have provided the fresh water they needed for drinking and bathing. These plumbing pipes were made out of clay and ran underneath the homes and buildings. These idea is very similar to modern day plumbing and the Harappan people are believed to be the first to use this concept to bring fresh water in and push waste out.

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Daily Life, Inventions, & Accomplishments

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Daily Life, Inventions, & Accomplishments

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During this time they found many ways to entertain themselves. There have been small statues of dancers which shows us that they likely enjoyed music and dancing. Also, scientists have found what appears to be a swimming area with steps leading down into the pool. Not only did these people enjoy dancing and swimming, but they enjoyed making art. They made all kinds of statues and pottery, as well as fine woven cloths. They enjoyed making art by using metals and clay.

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Daily Life, Inventions, & Accomplishments

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Daily Life, Inventions, & Accomplishments

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Some of the main jobs were agriculture and craftsmen. They were very skilled working with metals, there have been statues found of girls dancing that are very different than statues found in other civilizations.  It's believed they were also very talented farmers. Some of the crops they grew are barely, peas, melons, wheat, and herds of sheep, pigs and other various animals. Farming was vital to their survival so they could have food. A typical dinner from the result of farming would be wheat bread served with barely or rice. They made granaries and storehouses to store all of their surplus food and store it.

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Introduction to the Harappa Civilization

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Introduction to the Harappa Civilization

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The Harappa Civilization existed during the years of 2500 BCE - 1500 BCE. Two of the major cities in this area are Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. The estimated population of this civilization is around 35,000 people, which is quite a large population during this time period. The people who lived here were very talented in building and making plans, crafting things out of cloth, metal and clay, as well as being innovative by creating the wheel and plumbing system. However, around 1500 BCE these people seemingly disappeared out of nowhere. It's believed that global warming, earthquakes, and flooding may have pushed them out of the area they lived in.

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Their language is a unique and difficult language to understand. Scientists are still attempting to decipher their language. They had a written language that consisted of symbols being marked into clay. Some of their writing has been found on small clay tablets called a Harappan seal. On these seals are pictographs and symbols which is how they wrote. It's believed that seals were a representation of perhaps social class or if you had your taxes paid. There is a small hole on these tablets indicating they might have been hung on a string like a necklace.

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Their religion is believed to have revolved around nature. There has been no temple found that would prove where they worship. However they did worship a god named Shiva, which was inferred from the Pashupati Seal. There are many other figures such as a bull with a garland around it's neck and a unicorn being carried, along with many other animalistic religions sculptures.

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Instead of temples it is speculated that they used nature sites as places to worship. Sacred trees are thought to be where they would worship and gather.

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Their suspected religion is quite similar to that of Hinduism. In Hinduism the god Shiva is also worshipped. Also, Hinduism is centered around nature as well as the religious powers tree hold. It's speculated that the religion that the Harappans practiced either came from Hinduism or inspired it.

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It is believed that these people built plumbing systems. Under all of the houses are clay pipes. Scientists have found what they believe to be fresh reservoirs of water. There were sewers under the streets where all of their waste went. They think that they not only pumped out waste, but brought in fresh water to all the homes, similar to our plumbing systems today.

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It is known that the Harappans created tools to do their work with. Some of these tools are axe heads, a saw, and blades. Their tools were made of stone, copper, and bronze.

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They accomplished great things when it came to construction and architecture. They are one of the first civilizations to use a grid plan to build their cities. Meaning they made straight roads, and built homes on level areas to ensure they would go side by side nicely. Their homes were typically 1-2 stories high. They had flat roofs and consisted of baked bricks. The homes often had windows that overlooked a courtyard. Each home had a private bathroom as well as a private drinking well. As well as their own plumbing systems.