# data[].attributes.body
Water holds an exceptionally crucial roles in ceramic processing. For an instance, water's main role is always to act as the temporary binder of the materials as it is used through out the mixing and shaping processes . When added to the raw materials, water bind the material, giving the mixture a good flow as it is mixed and formed into paste or slurry, which  give the green body an insufficient mechanical strength which enable handling as to shaping or forming the bodies into desired shape with different technique. Besides, the techniques choose to form the bodies also depend to the quantity of water as it might different percentages of water in a bodies will suit different technique and it is important to choose a suitable technique to match with the percentages of water. Water also provide a suitable level of homogeneity to the raw material. It make sure that all the composition of material is balanced and homogeneous through out the paste or slurry.

reference
1. retrieved from
https://www.mpo.cz/assets/cz/prumysl/prumysl-a-zivotni-prostredi/ippc-integrovana-prevence-a-omezovani-znecisteni/referencni-dokumenty-bref/2016/12/cer_bref_0807.pdf

2.retrieved from
https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

# data[].attributes.body
Water is fundamental in ceramic processing which act as a solvent.The purpose of ceramics processing to an applied science is the natural result of an increasing ability to refine, develop, and characterize ceramic materialThe accomplished of addition of water or additives such as binders for shape forming process purposes. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing, tape casting and injection molding. After the particles are formed, these "green" ceramics undergo a heat-treatment (called firing or sintering) to produce a rigid, finished product

Reference :

1.     J. Gabriel, E.Fotenele, U.Carvalho et al. 2008 page 119-124

2.     https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

# data[].attributes.body
There are many function of water in ceramic procesing . First of all,water is fundamental in ceramic processing. The processing waters like potable, recycling, natural – are very different regarding its chemical physical characteristics, affecting the rheological behaviour of ceramic suspensions. For tradisional ceramics, the powders usually mixed with water tomporarily bind the particles together and achieve the proper consistency for shaping. Second for new ceramics, substances other than water are used as binders during shaping. Besides, the water also make the reaction between clay and water easily to form hard clay that can withstand high pressure.In the present work the rheological behaviour of industrial porcelain paste is determined in function of the processing water.
(118 words)

REFERENCES
1) https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics#ref76567

2) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405580816000030

# data[].attributes.headline
MOHAMMAD IKMAL FITRI BIN MOHAMMAD (134323)

# data[].attributes.subject
MOHAMMAD IKMAL FITRI BIN MOHAMMAD (134323)

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramic products that are diverse in many aspects such as in size, shape, complexity, and material composition are produced from ceramic processing. Its purpose is to increase the ability to refine, develop, and characterize ceramic materials (1). In ceramic processing, water plays important role. Water are used to bind the powder of traditional ceramics to achieve proper consistency for shaping (2).  By adding water, the particles exhibit unusual rheology or flow under pressure where it allows different processing method. Furthermore, the amount of the addition of water, clay-water bodies can be stiff or plastic (3). Plus, rheology has held as important role in quality control and productivity (4).   (108 words)

1.       Retrieved from https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm (18th September 2018)

2.       Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/klivsie/ch17-9297719?next_slideshow=1 (18th September 2018)

3.       Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics  (19th September 2018)

4.       Retrieved from http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf  (19th September 2018)

# data[].attributes.body
Combination of water and ceramic are important to produced good ceramic product. These combination will produced ceramic slurries and it very useful when we want to add certain additives, particularly deflocculants on the clay particles to adjust the flow of ceramic behaviour. In this form, ceramic will easily to shape it into desired shape due to the content of water in ceramic. It also often indispensable in industrial processes to control the rheological properties of clay based slurries.

Reference
1. http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
134311
Water is an important additive in ceramic processing. Water acts as a binder and by manipulating the water content we can change the rheology and viscosity of the clay mixture, allowing forming methods such as slip casting, plastic body formation and pressing. Water also serves as a solvent, it dissolves the additives incorporated into the powder and disperses the additives uniformly throughout the powder.

Reference
1. Rahaman, M. N. Ceramic Processing and Sintering. 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2017

# data[].attributes.body
Water is fundamental in ceramic processing. The use of water in ceramic is varies regarding its chemical - physical characteristics. For traditional ceramics, powders are mixed with water to bind them together and achieve proper consistency for shaping while for advanced ceramics, substances other than water are used as binders during shaping. Therefore, the usage of water is important to form the ceramic particles into a desired shape  and followed by a shape forming process. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing , tape casting and injection molding. After the particles are formed, these "green" ceramics undergo a heat-treatment (called firing or sintering) to produce a rigid, finished product. Some ceramic products such as electrical insulators, dinnerware and tile may then undergo a glazing process.
References :
1. https://goo.gl/images/dhUwCL
2. https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

# data[].attributes.body
As for traditional ceramics, in order to achieve a proper consistency for shaping, the particle of powders are binder temporarily by water then followed by other process such as drying and firing of clay. Water plays a big role in making sure the starting material for traditional ceramics must be in form of plastic paste. Plastic state produced by mixing the fine ceramics powders with water. Apart of this, water is fully said can be one of the biggest creator that creates clay with suitable plasticity for shaping.

REFERENCE
1. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

2.http://www.ceramic-research.com/articles_02.html

# data[].attributes.body
water are important in ceramics processing .it plays an important role in forming a certain desired shaping particles of the ceramic product especially in tradisional ceramic. Usually the powders  are mixed with water to temporarily mixed the particles together and achieve proper consistency for shaping.  For advanced ceramics,  in order to get in purer state from impurities water are used  for cleaning or washed away the impurities of the raw materials either settled out or floated off. Processing methods are divided into two which is slip casting and plastic forming. When these particles are suspended in or mixed with water, the mixture exhibits unusual rheology, or flow under pressure. For example in slip casting forming, sufficient water content and the addition of suitable dispersing agents, clay-water mixtures can be made into suspensions called slurries or slips. The surface charges on the platelike clay particles can be manipulated from highly stable suspension of clay particles in water arise.

Refrences

1.       https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics#ref76567

2.       https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

3.       https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

# data[].attributes.headline
Logarajan Muthaliar a/l Ramasamy  134320

# data[].attributes.subject
Logarajan Muthaliar a/l Ramasamy  134320

# data[].attributes.body
Water plays an important role in ceramic processing. In the formation of traditional ceramic composite such as concrete, water hydrates the clinkers such tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate. This hydrated clinkers will set and hardens. In advanced ceramic processing, water are deionized to wash and clean the impurities that present in ceramic powders without changing the homogeneity and purity. Moreover, water increases the plasticity of green bodies in clay products. It act as a medium for clay particles to slide over one another which is easier for forming process and acts as a binder . It also have low boiling point where low temperature is needed to evaporate the water ions from green body upon calcination.

Reference
1.http://www.continentalcement.com/web/technical/uploads/Cement_Properties_and_Characteristics.pdf
2.https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

# data[].attributes.body
Water plays an important role in traditional ceramics processing. Clay minerals have layered crystal structures that result in plate-shaped particles of extremely small micrometre size. There are some pores between the clay minerals. When these particles are mixed with water, the mixture exhibits unusual rheology, or flow under pressure. This behaviour allows for such diverse processing methods as slip casting and plastic forming. Clay minerals are therefore considered to be formers, allowing the mixed ingredients to be formed into the desired shape. Water also affects the viscosity, thixotropy of clay-water suspensions which determine the application of clay.

Reference
https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics

# data[].attributes.body
Water plays an important role in most of the traditional ceramics shaping processes. Thereafter, it has no purpose and must be removed from the clay piece before firing. Shrinkage is a problem during drying because water contributes volume to the piece, and the volume is reduced when it is removed.
Volume of clay as a function of water content. Relationship shown here is typical; it varies for different clay composition.

Refference https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

# data[].attributes.body
Water allows the plasticity of clays for easy forming, but the ions and the corresponding molecules are eliminated in the heat treatments. That means water will hold or bind dry powders or aggregate together during sintering, burning out cleanly and uniformly while providing exceptional green strength to the sintered parts.

For instances, the potter chooses suitable soils, primarily clay soils, which in the wet state offer the plasticity required to model them in the desired form: cup, vase or statuette. Then the piece is dried and water loss makes it lose its plasticity, but rehydration would restore the clay’s initial properties.

References:

1.      Ceramic Materials, Processes, Properties and Application edited by Philippe Boch and Jean-Claude Niepce, ISTE Ltd, 2007, HERMES Science Europe Ltd 2001.

2.      Influence Of Processing Water On Ceramic Suspension Viscosity, Adachi, N.; Hashiba, M.; Saturada, O. Ceramics International 30 (6) (2004) 1055-1058.

3.      https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramics are produced by the application of heat upon processed clays and other natural raw materials to form a rigid product.The step from the ceramic particles into a desired shape is adding of water or additives likes binder followed by a shape forming process.Water is important roles in this processing which is temporarily bind the particle together and achieves the proper consistency for shaping.

In forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, casting, pressing and others. After the particles are formed, the "green" ceramics will undergo a heat-treatment such as firing or sintering to produce a rigid product.

References:
1.https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

# data[].attributes.body
Water plays an important roles in the ceramic processing especially tradisional ceramics. For tradisional ceramics, the powders are usually mixed with water to temporary bind with particle together and achieve the proper consistency for shaping. For new ceramics, substance other than water are used as binder during shaping.

Water creates clay-water mixture with suitable plasticity for shaping and affecting the rheological behaviour of ceramic suspensions by the viscosity and thixotropy. The cations are responsible for coagulation of the negatively charged clay mineral particles, while anions counterbalance the coagulating power of the cations. To form the ceramic particles into a desired shape, water are added with additives and amount of water affect the viscosity by increase the plasticity.

References:
1. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing
2. http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
Water is fundamental in ceramic processing for example the rheological behaviour of industrial porcelain paste is determined in function of the processing water. To determine the rheological characteristics such as viscosity and thixotropy of clay-water suspensions plays an important role in the application of clays.

In traditional ceramic, the powders are usually mixed with water to temporarily bind the particles together for example wet mixing to achieved the proper consistency for shaping in shaping process.

To form the ceramic particles into a desired shape, this is accomplished by the addition of water and/or additives such as binders, followed by a shape forming process. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing and injection molding.

Reference:
1. http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramics processing such as mixing, casting, shaping and drying requires water.

Slip casting involves the pouring of a liquid clay (slurry with 25% to 40% wateer) body slip into plaster moulds. The water in the slip is drawn out of the slip by the plaster, leaving an inside layer of solid clay.

Water allows the clay to be shaped. The amount of water in the clay determines the viscosity of the clay. High amount of water increases its plasticity and makes it hard to retain its shape.

Water is present in between the clay particles; clay experiences shrinkage and becomes stiffer when it is dried since water contributes volume to the ceramics.

References:

1. Groover, M.P., Fundamental of Modern Processing: Materials, Processes and systems, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, pg 371-373

2. https://make.works/blog/guide-to-ceramics

3. https://www.ceramicindustry.com/articles/84673-ppp-clay-body-shrinkage-absorption

# data[].attributes.body
Water is elemental in ceramic processing. Water is important in most of the traditional ceramic shaping process. Different chemical-physical characteristics will have different type of processing water. This will also affect the rheological behavior of ceramic suspensions. Normally, water will mixed with the fine ceramic powders (plastic paste). This is to bind the particles together temporarily. These will creates a clay-water mixture with a suitable plasticity. Before firing, water will be removed and shrinkage is the problem after firing. A slip is formed when fine ceramic powder is mixed with water and some chemicals is added into it.

Reference:

1.       http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf

2.       http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf

3.       http://ceramics.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Slip-Casting-Lesson-111.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramic processing is used for the development and characterization of ceramic materials. Therefore,water plays an important role in ceramic processing. Firstly, water is the primary agent in order to shape or design a ceramic product. The water helps to keep the ceramic particles together and keep them stick together firmly before entering the next process;drying and firing. Other than that, waters are also deflocculants that are added to increase the weight of the ceramic masses as well as to adjust the flow behaviours of ceramic products.
Reference :
1.http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf
2.https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

# data[].attributes.body
Water plays a more important role in traditional ceramics compared to advanced ceramics although water is eventually removed in the firing process. In traditional ceramics processing, water also acts binder. The methods of shaping varies with different composition of water in the clay.
Hence, it is important to understand the effect of water in ceramics processing.
Reference:
1.https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm
2.https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramic processing is used to produce commercial products that are very diverse in size, shape, detail, complexity, and material composition, structure, and cost.  The purpose of ceramics processing to an applied science is the natural result of an increasing ability to refine, develop, and characterize ceramic materials.

To form the ceramic particles into a desired shape, addition of water and/or additives such as binders, followed by a shape forming process. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing, tape casting and injection molding. After the particles are formed, these "green" ceramics undergo a heat-treatment (called firing or sintering) to produce a rigid, finished product.

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramic processing is used to produce commercial products that are very diverse in size, shape, detail, complexity, and material composition, structure, and cost.  The purpose of ceramics processing to an applied science is the natural result of an increasing ability to refine, develop, and characterize ceramic materials.

To form the ceramic particles into a desired shape. This is accomplished by the addition of water and/or additives such as binders, followed by a shape forming process. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing, tape casting and injection molding. After the particles are formed, these "green" ceramics undergo a heat-treatment (called firing or sintering) to produce a rigid, finished product. Some ceramic products such as electrical insulators, dinnerware and tile may then undergo a glazing process. Some ceramics for advanced applications may undergo a machining and/or polishing step in order meet specific engineering design criteria.

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramic processing is used to produce commercial products that are very diverse in size, shape, detail, complexity, and material composition, structure, and cost.  The purpose of ceramics processing to an applied science is the natural result of an increasing ability to refine, develop, and characterize ceramic materials.

The next step is to form the ceramic particles into a desired shape, addition of water and/or additives such as binders, followed by a shape forming process. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing, tape casting and injection molding. After the particles are formed, these "green" ceramics undergo a heat-treatment (called firing or sintering) to produce a rigid, finished product.

Reference

https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramic processing is used to produce commercial products that are very diverse in size, shape, detail, complexity, and material composition, structure, and cost.  The purpose of ceramics processing to an applied science is the natural result of an increasing ability to refine, develop, and characterize ceramic materials.

Ceramics are typically produced by the application of heat upon processed clays and other natural raw materials to form a rigid product. Ceramic products that use naturally occurring rocks and minerals as a starting material must undergo special processing in order to control purity, particle size, particle size distribution, and heterogeneity. These attributes play a big role in the final properties of the finished ceramic. Chemically prepared powders also are used as starting materials for some ceramic products. These synthetic materials can be controlled to produce powders with precise chemical compositions and particle size.

The next step is to form the ceramic particles into a desired shape. This is accomplished by the addition of water and/or additives such as binders, followed by a shape forming process. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing, tape casting and injection molding. After the particles are formed, these "green" ceramics undergo a heat-treatment (called firing or sintering) to produce a rigid, finished product. Some ceramic products such as electrical insulators, dinnerware and tile may then undergo a glazing process. Some ceramics for advanced applications may undergo a machining and/or polishing step in order meet specific engineering design criteria.

# data[].attributes.body
LIM SHU SIEN 134319

Anonymous
10h
LIM SHU SIEN 134319
Water is fundamental in ceramic processing for example the rheological behaviour of industrial porcelain paste is determined in function of the processing water. To determine the rheological characteristics such as viscosity and thixotropy of clay-water suspensions plays an important role in the application of clays.

 In traditional ceramic, the powders are usually mixed with water to temporarily bind the particles together for example wet mixing to achieved the proper consistency for shaping in shaping process. 

To form the ceramic particles into a desired shape, this is accomplished by the addition of water and/or additives such as binders, followed by a shape forming process. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing and injection molding. 
  

Reference:
1. http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf

tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
Tang Che Yee 134336

Anonymous
1h
Tang Che Yee 134336
In the ceramic processing, water is very important because it is added to the shaping process. It will change the rheological behaviour and plasticity of clay. For example, water is added to the green body to hold the green body together and maintain its desired shape.  After firing, shrinkage may occur due to evaporation and causing the reduction in the volume to the piece. Water can also act as a medium to control the surface charges on the clay particles. 

Reference
1.https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing
2.https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics



tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
TAN KAI QI 134334

Anonymous
9h
TAN KAI QI 134334
Water is essential in ceramic processing. Water will affect the rheological behaviour of ceramic suspensions due to its chemical-physical characteristic. The addition of water with ceramic powder is to bind the particles together and achieve the proper consistency for shaping. Water creates clay-water suspensions with suitable plasticity in shaping process such as slip casting, plastic forming methods, semi-dry pressing and dry pressing.

The mixture of fine ceramic powder and water is called slip. Slip is a fluid but contains solid particles. The slip is poured into a mold for the shaping purpose in slip casting. The mold removes some liquid from the slip near the mold wall so the solid powder material is left in the shape of the mold.

References:
1. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing
2. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing?next_slideshow=1
3. http://ceramics.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Slip-Casting-Lesson-111.pdf
4. http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf


tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
LOOI KAH FUNG 134321

Ben Looi
4h
LOOI KAH FUNG 134321
The important influence of water at the interface is the effect on the higher-level behavior such as rheological properties, viscosity or green body properties due to the incorporation of H2O into the ceramic crystal structure and resulting in ceramic-hyroxide phases. 

Thus, it explains why water is the commonly used solvent, lubricant, binder in ceramic processing. It inadvertently directs the final properties of the finalised ceramic product. 

Reference 
1. Charging Behavior at the Alumina–Water Interface and Implications for Ceramic Processing. George V. Frank, Yang Gan. First Published 09 Oct 2007. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02013.x
tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
TAN HUI FANG 13433

Huifang Tan
5h
TAN HUI FANG 13433
In most traditional ceramic, especially in shaping process, water is important. Water able to control the plasticity and rheological properties of clay. Therefore, during shaping, water is essential to let green body having their ‘fluidity’ in making the desired shape. The ratio of water in clay is the important key to produce a good ceramic because it determine the quality and durability of end product.
 
 Moreover, water also
act as solvent to dissolve and bind all the raw materials of clay. So, it able to
hold the green body together before firing.

REFERENCES:
1. http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf
2,
https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing?next_slideshow=1
tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
NGO JIA YOENG 134325

Ngo Jia Yoeng
7h
NGO JIA YOENG 134325
Water play  important roles in manufacturing ceramic products. Water act as solvent in ceramic process to provide fluidity and dissolving the additives. During ceramic processing, water are required during the mixing and shaping process from raw materials. Water temporarily bind the particles of raw materials  to obtain desired plasticity and proper consistency for shaping. Good quality of water is essential for the preparation of clay and glaze slips, clay bodies for extrusion and molding process as well as preparation of spray dried powders, wet grinding or milling. Water also act as medium during washing and cleaning process. In concrete production, water to cement ratio determines the strength and durability of the concrete when it is cured in proper way. 

References:
1. 
Rahaman, M. N. (2003).
Ceramic processing and sintering (Second ed.).
pg 345 
2.
The importance of water/cement ratio in concrete countertop mix design. (n.d.). Retrieved September 17, 2018, from http://www.concretecountertopinstitute.com/blog/2011/07/the-importance-of-watercement-ratio-in-concrete-countertop-mix-design/ 
3.
https://www.mpo.cz/assets/cz/prumysl/prumysl-a-zivotni-prostredi/ippc-integrovana-prevence-a-omezovani-znecisteni/referencni-dokumenty-bref/2016/12/cer_bref_0807.pdf

tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
NUR ADILAH BT MD KHLID 134328

Anonymous
5h
NUR ADILAH BT MD KHLID 134328
Water plays an essential role during ceramic processing. Water is used as binders to temporarily bind the particles together for easier shaping process with proper consistency of water and clay.More water added to the clay means higher shrinkage of drying. Rapid drying rate during drying process increase the risks of warping and cracking in ceramic products. Therefore,a thorough calculation of water-clay consistency is very important to produce a high quality ceramic end products. Besides that, water's rheological behavior is determined by viscosity and flow analysis. This rheological behavior of water will affect ceramic suspensions. Thus a good ceramic suspension will develop a good slurries to conduct shaping,dryng, firing and glazing processes. 

REFERENCES:
1.https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing
2.  João Gabriel Bruno da Silva(1); Elita Fontenele Urano de Carvalho(2), Nivaldo Cabral Kuhnen(3), Humberto Gracher Riella(3), Adriano Michael Bernardin(1,3) ,INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING WATER ON CERAMIC SUSPENSION VISCOSITY (2008(
tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
OW GUAN YI 134330

Anonymous
6h
OW GUAN YI 134330
In ceramic processing, water is very important in shaping stage. We usually complete this stage by adding of water or additives like binders. This is notable in traditional ceramics processing. The powders are mixed together with water in order to bind particles together. Its aim is achieving the proper consistency of shaping. However, for advanced ceramics, substances other than water are used as binders during shaping. In general, water creates clay-water mixture with appropriate plasticity for shaping. Slip-casting consists a lot of water content (25%-40%). The stiffness and plasticity of clay-water body is depending the amount of added water.Therefore, this is the reason why water is important for ceramic processing.

***Reference***
1. https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm
2.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics 
3.
http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf
4.
https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
YEO YING HUI 134341

Anonymous
8h
YEO YING HUI 134341
In the mixtures of ceramic compositions, the water has more than one purpose. Water provides “fluidity” while the mixture is being shaped, allowing easy plastic flow. After the shaping force is released and only gravity is present, the water helps the clay stick together more than dry clay alone would stick, so the water provides a “binding” effect, adding strength. Clay-water bodies can be stiff or plastic depending upon the amount of water added. Plasticity arises by virtue of the plate-shaped clay particles slipping over one another during flow. With even higher water content and the addition of dispersing agents to keep the clay particles in suspension, readily flow able suspensions called slips or slurries can be produced.

References:

1.       Daniel J. Shanefield. Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 1995.
2.       Thomas O. Mason. Traditional Ceramics. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2016.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics (Accessed 2018-09-17)

tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
CATHERINE CHONG KAI TZE 134306

Anonymous
10h
CATHERINE CHONG KAI TZE 134306
In ceramic processing, water act as an important role. Without the help of water, desired shape of ceramic would not be carried out. Water is a solvent with can mixed with ceramics to achieve good consistency for shaping. Besides, water also can bond the particles into a hard mass. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting and pressing which need the help of water to achieve desired shape.

REFERENCE: 
https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm
tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
ENG LYE YEE 134313

Winson Eng
8h
ENG LYE YEE 134313
Water as a universal solvent helps in controlling the plasticity for easy shaping process. Water molecules interacts with ceramic particles in a special manner known as inter-molecular forces where it facilitates the sliding of ceramic molecules and certain degree of plasticity during shaping. An example of water usage can be seen in pottery making where clay is used as raw materials. Water is added adequately controlling the plasticity and at the same time induces the rheological properties of clay. 
 
 Furthermore, there are ongoing research regarding water that acts as a pore inducer in ceramic materials. Water can induce the formation of aquaporins in ceramic materials which makes the ceramic to have a filtration system. 
**REFERENCES**
1.  Ryan, W. "Properties of Ceramic Raw Materials" Pergamon Press, pp. 21-36, pp. 43-82 (1978) 
2.  Kozumi, T., & Kitagawa, Y. (2016). Water structure changes induced by ceramics can be detected by increased permeability through aquaporin. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports,5, 353-358. doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.002 
tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
CHAN HUAN QUAN 135891

Anonymous
9h
CHAN HUAN QUAN 135891
The raw material involved in ceramic processing are clay, water, non-plastic materials such as alumina and fluxes. For traditional ceramics processing, the powder are mixed with water to temporarily bind the particle together and achieve a homogeneous mixture for shaping. The addition of water will create a clay-water mixture with suitable plasticity for shaping. As for advanced ceramics, substances other than water are used as binders during shaping.

Water is widely used in ceramics processing such as slip casting. The water in the slip is drawn out into the walls of the plaster mould , leaving an inside layer of solid clay, which hardens quickly.Water is often used  to soften the slips, this prevents excessive shrinkage.

References: 

i. 2002 John Wiley & Sons,Inc. M P Groover, “Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing 2/e”   , Page 139-142.
ii.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_forming_techniques


tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
Water is fundamental

Anonymous
10h
 Water is fundamental in ceramic processing which act as a solvent.The purpose of ceramics processing to an applied science is the natural result of an increasing ability to refine, develop, and characterize ceramic materialThe accomplished of addition of water or additives such as binders for shape forming process purposes. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing, tape casting and injection molding. After the particles are formed, these "green" ceramics undergo a heat-treatment (called firing or sintering) to produce a rigid, finished product

Reference :

1.     J. Gabriel, E.Fotenele, U.Carvalho et al. 2008 page 119-124
2.     https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
LAI YOKE SIEW 134316

Anonymous
10h
LAI YOKE SIEW 134316
As most ceramics' starting material are powders, water is mixed in their processing. The function of water is to temporally binds the particles together and achieve the proper consistency for shaping. Shaping processes for traditional ceramics require the starting material to be in plastic paste, thus water played its role in forming the paste when it is mixed with fine ceramic powders. In other words,water created clay-water mixture with suitable plasticity for shaping in ceramic processing. 

REFERENCE
1. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing
tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
TEOW AI WEEN 134338

Anonymous
12h
TEOW AI WEEN 134338
Ceramics is any inorganic material, non-metallic products which fabricated and burned to a high temperature to acquire its desired properties. Water is very important in ceramic processing which is in the shaping process for traditional ceramics. Water is used to create clay-water mixture with suitable plasticity for shaping. The starting material of traditional ceramics is plastic paste which comprised of fine ceramic powders mixed with water. As we can see, water plays an important role in ceramic processing. 

REFERENCE
1.
https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm
2. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
CHAN YONG CHIEN

Anonymous
22h
CHAN YONG CHIEN
Water play an important role in ceramic processing, it act as an universal solvent for clay and other solute. Depending on the amount of water added, the clay-water bodies can be stiff or plastic. Water is one of the solvent that used to help to hold the green body together to maintain a desired shape until it is fired. By addition of dispersing agent in water can produce slips or slurries. Water can act as a medium or solvent to manipulate the surface charges on the clay particles. By removing water, the product will achieve consolidation. 

 
REFERENCE:
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Thomas O.Mason (1998, Oct 19), “Traditional ceramics” , retrieved form https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics

tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
CARRIE TIE JIA LING 134305

tie jia ling
23h
CARRIE TIE JIA LING 134305
Water acts as a universal solvent plays an important role in the ceramics processing. In traditional ceramics, water is used to bind the particles within the ceramics powders together well in order to maintain consistency during shaping. Their rheology is vital in quality control and productivity of the product. Addition of water in ceramics processing will cause shrinkage to occur. This is because after firing the water is removed due to evaporation which will lead to reduction in the volume to the piece. However, for advanced ceramics, substances other than water such as polyalkylene carbonate are used as binders. A binder will hold dry powders together during sintering, burning out completely while yielding strong green strength to the sintered parts.

REFERENCE:
1.  Eisenstadt, G.; Sims, D. Journal of Structural Geology 27 (8) (2005) 1399-1412. 
2. "A Binding Matter: The Role of Binders in the Ceramic Sintering Process", Ceramics Industry Magazine, 2001.
3. ©2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, “Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing "
tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
H'ng Zi Xian 134314

Anonymous
23h
H'ng Zi Xian 134314
In ceramic processing, the main function of water is to bind the ceramic particles together into a desired shape. The water and/or binders is added to the solid raw materials followed by shape forming process. After shaping, excess water is removed by natural or forced drying. 

Reference: 
"Environmental performance and energy assessment of fired-clay brick masonry"
D. Hotza, B.G.O. Maia, in Eco-Efficient Masonry Bricks and Blocks, 2015



tick
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment
Function of Water in Ceramic Processing

Viisnu Prasath
24h
Function of Water in Ceramic Processing
Ceramic processing is used to produce commercial products that are very diverse in size, shape, detail, complexity, and material composition, structure, and cost. Therefore, the function of water comes when the ceramic particles are needed to be formed into a desired shape. For traditional ceramics, the addition of water  helps to temporarily bind the particles together and achieve proper consistency for shaping. Slip is composed of various water composition based on shaping method

REF: ©2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, “Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing", Manufacturing Process.
tick
100/100
1
GRADE
Your avatar

Add comment

# data[].attributes.body
In the ceramic processing, water is very important because it is added to the shaping process. It will change the rheological behaviour and plasticity of clay. For example, water is added to the green body to hold the green body together and maintain its desired shape.  After firing, shrinkage may occur due to evaporation and causing the reduction in the volume to the piece. Water can also act as a medium to control the surface charges on the clay particles.

Reference
1.https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing
2.https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics

# data[].attributes.body
Water is essential in ceramic processing. Water will affect the rheological behaviour of ceramic suspensions due to its chemical-physical characteristic. The addition of water with ceramic powder is to bind the particles together and achieve the proper consistency for shaping. Water creates clay-water suspensions with suitable plasticity in shaping process such as slip casting, plastic forming methods, semi-dry pressing and dry pressing.

The mixture of fine ceramic powder and water is called slip. Slip is a fluid but contains solid particles. The slip is poured into a mold for the shaping purpose in slip casting. The mold removes some liquid from the slip near the mold wall so the solid powder material is left in the shape of the mold.

References:
1. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing
2. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing?next_slideshow=1
3. http://ceramics.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Slip-Casting-Lesson-111.pdf
4. http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
The important influence of water at the interface is the effect on the higher-level behavior such as rheological properties, viscosity or green body properties due to the incorporation of H2O into the ceramic crystal structure and resulting in ceramic-hyroxide phases.

Thus, it explains why water is the commonly used solvent, lubricant, binder in ceramic processing. It inadvertently directs the final properties of the finalised ceramic product.

Reference
1. Charging Behavior at the Alumina–Water Interface and Implications for Ceramic Processing. George V. Frank, Yang Gan. First Published 09 Oct 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02013.x

# data[].attributes.body
In most traditional ceramic, especially in shaping process, water is important. Water able to control the plasticity and rheological properties of clay. Therefore, during shaping, water is essential to let green body having their ‘fluidity’ in making the desired shape. The ratio of water in clay is the important key to produce a good ceramic because it determine the quality and durability of end product.

Moreover, water also
act as solvent to dissolve and bind all the raw materials of clay. So, it able to
hold the green body together before firing.

REFERENCES:
1. http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf
2,
https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing?next_slideshow=1

# data[].attributes.body
Water play  important roles in manufacturing ceramic products. Water act as solvent in ceramic process to provide fluidity and dissolving the additives. During ceramic processing, water are required during the mixing and shaping process from raw materials. Water temporarily bind the particles of raw materials  to obtain desired plasticity and proper consistency for shaping. Good quality of water is essential for the preparation of clay and glaze slips, clay bodies for extrusion and molding process as well as preparation of spray dried powders, wet grinding or milling. Water also act as medium during washing and cleaning process. In concrete production, water to cement ratio determines the strength and durability of the concrete when it is cured in proper way.

References:
1.
Rahaman, M. N. (2003).
Ceramic processing and sintering (Second ed.).

pg 345

2.
The importance of water/cement ratio in concrete countertop mix design. (n.d.). Retrieved September 17, 2018, from http://www.concretecountertopinstitute.com/blog/2011/07/the-importance-of-watercement-ratio-in-concrete-countertop-mix-design/
3.
https://www.mpo.cz/assets/cz/prumysl/prumysl-a-zivotni-prostredi/ippc-integrovana-prevence-a-omezovani-znecisteni/referencni-dokumenty-bref/2016/12/cer_bref_0807.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
Water plays an essential role during ceramic processing. Water is used as binders to temporarily bind the particles together for easier shaping process with proper consistency of water and clay.More water added to the clay means higher shrinkage of drying. Rapid drying rate during drying process increase the risks of warping and cracking in ceramic products. Therefore,a thorough calculation of water-clay consistency is very important to produce a high quality ceramic end products. Besides that, water's rheological behavior is determined by viscosity and flow analysis. This rheological behavior of water will affect ceramic suspensions. Thus a good ceramic suspension will develop a good slurries to conduct shaping,dryng, firing and glazing processes.

REFERENCES:
1.https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing
2.  João Gabriel Bruno da Silva(1); Elita Fontenele Urano de Carvalho(2), Nivaldo Cabral Kuhnen(3), Humberto Gracher Riella(3), Adriano Michael Bernardin(1,3) ,INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING WATER ON CERAMIC SUSPENSION VISCOSITY (2008(

# data[].attributes.body
In ceramic processing, water is very important in shaping stage. We usually complete this stage by adding of water or additives like binders. This is notable in traditional ceramics processing. The powders are mixed together with water in order to bind particles together. Its aim is achieving the proper consistency of shaping. However, for advanced ceramics, substances other than water are used as binders during shaping. In general, water creates clay-water mixture with appropriate plasticity for shaping. Slip-casting consists a lot of water content (25%-40%). The stiffness and plasticity of clay-water body is depending the amount of added water.Therefore, this is the reason why water is important for ceramic processing.

***Reference***
1. https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm
2.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics
3.
http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0832230e.pdf
4.
https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

# data[].attributes.body
In the mixtures of ceramic compositions, the water has more than one purpose. Water provides “fluidity” while the mixture is being shaped, allowing easy plastic flow. After the shaping force is released and only gravity is present, the water helps the clay stick together more than dry clay alone would stick, so the water provides a “binding” effect, adding strength. Clay-water bodies can be stiff or plastic depending upon the amount of water added. Plasticity arises by virtue of the plate-shaped clay particles slipping over one another during flow. With even higher water content and the addition of dispersing agents to keep the clay particles in suspension, readily flow able suspensions called slips or slurries can be produced.

References:

1.       Daniel J. Shanefield. Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 1995.

2.       Thomas O. Mason. Traditional Ceramics. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2016.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics (Accessed 2018-09-17)

# data[].attributes.body
In ceramic processing, water act as an important role. Without the help of water, desired shape of ceramic would not be carried out. Water is a solvent with can mixed with ceramics to achieve good consistency for shaping. Besides, water also can bond the particles into a hard mass. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting and pressing which need the help of water to achieve desired shape.

REFERENCE:
https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

# data[].attributes.body
Water as a universal solvent helps in controlling the plasticity for easy shaping process. Water molecules interacts with ceramic particles in a special manner known as inter-molecular forces where it facilitates the sliding of ceramic molecules and certain degree of plasticity during shaping. An example of water usage can be seen in pottery making where clay is used as raw materials. Water is added adequately controlling the plasticity and at the same time induces the rheological properties of clay.

Furthermore, there are ongoing research regarding water that acts as a pore inducer in ceramic materials. Water can induce the formation of aquaporins in ceramic materials which makes the ceramic to have a filtration system.

**REFERENCES**
1.  Ryan, W. "Properties of Ceramic Raw Materials" Pergamon Press, pp. 21-36, pp. 43-82 (1978)
2.  Kozumi, T., & Kitagawa, Y. (2016). Water structure changes induced by ceramics can be detected by increased permeability through aquaporin. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports,5, 353-358. doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.002

# data[].attributes.body
The raw material involved in ceramic processing are clay, water, non-plastic materials such as alumina and fluxes. For traditional ceramics processing, the powder are mixed with water to temporarily bind the particle together and achieve a homogeneous mixture for shaping. The addition of water will create a clay-water mixture with suitable plasticity for shaping. As for advanced ceramics, substances other than water are used as binders during shaping.

Water is widely used in ceramics processing such as slip casting. The water in the slip is drawn out into the walls of the plaster mould , leaving an inside layer of solid clay, which hardens quickly.Water is often used  to soften the slips, this prevents excessive shrinkage.

References:

i. 2002 John Wiley & Sons,Inc. M P Groover, “Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing 2/e”   , Page 139-142.
ii.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_forming_techniques

# data[].attributes.body
Water is fundamental in ceramic processing which act as a solvent.The purpose of ceramics processing to an applied science is the natural result of an increasing ability to refine, develop, and characterize ceramic materialThe accomplished of addition of water or additives such as binders for shape forming process purposes. Some of the most common forming methods for ceramics include extrusion, slip casting, pressing, tape casting and injection molding. After the particles are formed, these "green" ceramics undergo a heat-treatment (called firing or sintering) to produce a rigid, finished product

Reference :

1.     J. Gabriel, E.Fotenele, U.Carvalho et al. 2008 page 119-124

2.     https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

# data[].attributes.body
As most ceramics' starting material are powders, water is mixed in their processing. The function of water is to temporally binds the particles together and achieve the proper consistency for shaping. Shaping processes for traditional ceramics require the starting material to be in plastic paste, thus water played its role in forming the paste when it is mixed with fine ceramic powders. In other words,water created clay-water mixture with suitable plasticity for shaping in ceramic processing.

REFERENCE
1. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramics is any inorganic material, non-metallic products which fabricated and burned to a high temperature to acquire its desired properties. Water is very important in ceramic processing which is in the shaping process for traditional ceramics. Water is used to create clay-water mixture with suitable plasticity for shaping. The starting material of traditional ceramics is plastic paste which comprised of fine ceramic powders mixed with water. As we can see, water plays an important role in ceramic processing.

REFERENCE
1.
https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm
2. https://www.slideshare.net/aliraza62742/ceramic-materials-their-processing

# data[].attributes.body
Water play an important role in ceramic processing, it act as an universal solvent for clay and other solute. Depending on the amount of water added, the clay-water bodies can be stiff or plastic. Water is one of the solvent that used to help to hold the green body together to maintain a desired shape until it is fired. By addition of dispersing agent in water can produce slips or slurries. Water can act as a medium or solvent to manipulate the surface charges on the clay particles. By removing water, the product will achieve consolidation.

REFERENCE:

1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Thomas O.Mason (1998, Oct 19), “Traditional ceramics” , retrieved form https://www.britannica.com/technology/traditional-ceramics

# data[].attributes.body
Water acts as a universal solvent plays an important role in the ceramics processing. In traditional ceramics, water is used to bind the particles within the ceramics powders together well in order to maintain consistency during shaping. Their rheology is vital in quality control and productivity of the product. Addition of water in ceramics processing will cause shrinkage to occur. This is because after firing the water is removed due to evaporation which will lead to reduction in the volume to the piece. However, for advanced ceramics, substances other than water such as polyalkylene carbonate are used as binders. A binder will hold dry powders together during sintering, burning out completely while yielding strong green strength to the sintered parts.

REFERENCE:
1.  Eisenstadt, G.; Sims, D. Journal of Structural Geology 27 (8) (2005) 1399-1412.
2. "A Binding Matter: The Role of Binders in the Ceramic Sintering Process", Ceramics Industry Magazine, 2001.
3. ©2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, “Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing "

# data[].attributes.body
In ceramic processing, the main function of water is to bind the ceramic particles together into a desired shape. The water and/or binders is added to the solid raw materials followed by shape forming process. After shaping, excess water is removed by natural or forced drying.

Reference:
"Environmental performance and energy assessment of fired-clay brick masonry"
D. Hotza, B.G.O. Maia, in Eco-Efficient Masonry Bricks and Blocks, 2015

# data[].attributes.body
Ceramic processing is used to produce commercial products that are very diverse in size, shape, detail, complexity, and material composition, structure, and cost. Therefore, the function of water comes when the ceramic particles are needed to be formed into a desired shape. For traditional ceramics, the addition of water  helps to temporarily bind the particles together and achieve proper consistency for shaping. Slip is composed of various water composition based on shaping method

REF: ©2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, “Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing", Manufacturing Process.