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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnUkZOwJ8Fs

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Horace served on the Massachusetts House of Reps from 1827-1833 and the State Senate from 1834-1837 only to move to US House of Reps in 1848 after serving as state education secretary.

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Horace believed that all different groups should be able to attend school.

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African Americans were able to go to school but they had to go to a African American only school

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In the early 1800s, teachers had limited education and received little pay.

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The reform efforts allowed women, African Americans(slaves), immigrants, and people from all religion to go to school

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Since most children could not afford school, the only kids at school before the reform were mostly from rich families.

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Horace Mann did end up making an age-grading system just like he wanted to.

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All children were allowed to go to school but not together. There were schools for whites and African Americas, there was even a schools for women.

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If middle class people went to school in the early 1800s, they only went for about 10 weeks during the winter, the other time was needed for working in there family's farms

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African Americans never went to school because they were working on plantation's as slaves.

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Women did not attend school because people believed they did not need to learn more than basic knowledge to do there future task's house work.

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In the 1800s, most children could not afford to attend school.

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In cities, some poor children stole, destroyed property, and set fires. Reformers believed that education would help poor children become more wealthy and become good citizens.

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Few areas actually had a public school paid for by taxes and children there only got 10 weeks of school a year.

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Many of what are now called “Historically Black Colleges and Universities” (HBCUs) started in the Morrill Act of 1890.

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Unlike today, very few children attended schools, and had different ways to entertained themselves.

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Horace Mann suggested making an age-grading system.

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Horace Mann thought that education must be taught by using the beliefes of a free society and must be provided by well-trained, professional teachers.

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Women colleges and high schools also came out of this reform so their was enough teachers for all the new schools

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Horace Mann wanted to improve and lengthen the school year.

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Mann promoted locally controlled, one-room schools in which children of all ages and classes were taught together.

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There were some private schools across the country, but rural areas (where most people lived) had few schools before the 1880s. By the close of the 1800s, public schools began to outnumber private ones.

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Children now got an education payed by taxes from the people of their states

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When students completed high school/secondary school, Horace Mann believed that they should be awarded a certificate of completion.

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Horace Mann of Massachusetts led the common-school movement, which supported local property taxes being used for public schools.

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Children learned reading, writing, arithmetic, history, geography, and math after the reform.

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Educational reformer Horace Mann supported locally controlled, often one-room “common schools” where children of all ages and classes were taught together.

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Teachers would teach a lesson to a group of well rounded students, who would then teach that same lesson to all of the other students in the school.

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Early public schools in the United States took the form of “common schools,” which were meant to serve kids of all social classes and religions.

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Early public-school curriculum was based on strict Christianity and concentrated on teaching self values.

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Before the education reform, teachers at school inforced the rules by using negative reinforcement instead of positive reinforcement.

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By the year 1870, all states had free elementary schools and the U.S. population had one of the highest literacy rates at the time.

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Free public education was common in the North but rare in the South, where most education took place at home with family members.

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Each state used federal funding from the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Acts of 1862 and 1890 to set up “land grant colleges” that focused on agriculture and engineering.

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Horace Mann supported positive reinforcement instead of punishment.

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A lot of children in the 1800's before the common-school movement had jobs where they worked all day long doing things that were very dangerous.

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Common schools were one of the earliest forms of public schools in the United States; they were free and open to all white children, who usually attended from the ages of six to fourteen

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The reform of public education also helped business people by the creation of textbooks like McGuffey readers.

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He believed education should be paid for by taxes and maintained by the public

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Horace Mann is well known for revolutionizing the idea of "Normal School's" to train professional teachers.