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Wikipedia, encyclopedia, newspaper articles, articles, reference books

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Interviews, diaries, pictures of event as it's happening

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Social Guidance / Educational Film for Teenagers

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An excellent resource that summarizes the action and goes in depth on certain major topics.

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Causes of the Cold War Learning Guide. Causes of the Cold War analysis by PhD students from Stanford, Harvard, Berkeley

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Start here to get directions!

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Allen's Resource: 10 Major Events of the Cold War

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Allen's Resource: 10 Major Events of the Cold War

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Great resource for looking at the biggest events of the War.

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In June 1948 the U.S. and Britain announced a proposal for establishing a new currency, the Deutschmark, into West Berlin. This immediately caused economic chaos in the Soviet Union as people frantically struggled to adjust to the new system of currency. The Soviets responded on June 24 by cutting off all road, rail and canal links between West Germany and West Berlin. This was the start of the Berlin Blockade. Stalin was attempting to get western influence out of his West Berlin. He managed to cut off all of the land and water routes however the air was still available. This began the Berlin Air Lift. During the eleven months of the Berlin Airlift, U.S. and British planes supplied West Berlin with 1.5 million tons of supplies, a plane landing every three minutes, day and night. The U.S. and British gave the people of West Berlin food, medical supplies and all sorts of other goods. In the eyes of the rest of the world this made the U.S. look like heroes. It made Stalin look like a terrible leader. On May 12, 1949, Stalin, knowing he couldn't risk shooting down the planes and realizing the PR disaster he'd caused, lifted the blockade. The whole experience was very embarrassing for the Soviet Union and was considered a win for the U.S. and its allies. This was very important to the Cold War because in a cold war where there is no direct fighting, it is things like this that decide who wins and who loses. This was a huge win for the U.S. and put many countries on our side.
http://www.historyinanhour.com/2011/06/26/berlin-blockade-and-berlin-airlift-summary/

The U-2 Incident was one instance where the Soviets shot directly at a U.S. soldier. On May 1, 1960, the Soviet Union shot down a U.S. U-2 reconnaissance plane and called the flight an aggressive act. The U.S. denied Soviet claims that the pilot, F. Gary Powers, had stated that his mission was to collect Soviet intelligence data. Khrushchev, the Soviet leader at this time, declared that the Soviet Union would not take part in a scheduled summit conference with the U.S., Britain, and France unless the U.S. immediately stopped flights over Soviet territory, apologized, and punished those responsible. President Dwight D. Eisenhower agreed only to the first part of the Soviets demands so the conference was postponed. Powers was tried in the Soviet Union and sentenced to 10 years in prison. In 1962 he was exchanged for the Soviet spy Rudolf Abel. This event is extremely important to the Cold War because it was one of the few times the Soviets did direct physical damage to an American. They saw that he was flying low enough to hit with a missile so they did. Then they kept Powers as a prisoner. This was huge in the U.S. because the Soviets were holding one of our men. It caused outrage. Because, of this event, tensions between the Soviet Union and the U.S. continued to climb.

On October 14, 1962, a U-2 spy plane flying over Cuba discovered nuclear missile sites under construction. These missiles would have been capable of quickly reaching the United States. President Kennedy convened a small group of senior officials to debate the crisis. This group was known as ExComm and they met almost continuously for the next two weeks. The group was split between those who wanted a military solution, such as an invasion or air strikes, and those who wanted a diplomatic solution to remove the missiles. Eight days later, Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba and all U.S. military forces to DEFCON 3. DEFCON 3 is an increased readiness in force greater than that required for normal readiness. ICBMs were prepared for launch, Polaris submarines were dispatched, and B-52 bombers were placed on alert. The world watched as tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union increased. Khrushchev put Warsaw Pact forces on alert. Later, U.S. forces were placed on DEFCON 2 (next step to nuclear war). Reconnaissance flights by U-2s continued over Cuba, while U.S. and Soviet officials exchanged words of warning. Finally on October 28, Khrushchev announced that they were withdrawing the missiles from Cuba. In the spring of 1963, the U.S. quietly removed the missiles from Turkey that equally threatened the Soviet Union. This crisis is regarded as the closest the world has come to a nuclear exchange. Soon after this incident, the famous "hotline" was installed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to help resolve future conflicts. It was later learned that the missiles on Cuba were operational and were armed with nuclear warheads. This event was one of the most important to the cold war because it was the closest the U.S. and Soviets ever came to hot war or direct combat. Both countries had enough nuclear power to do a whole lot of damage. The whole world waited in fear as these tensions became as high as ever. This would've become the most damaging hot wars the world ever saw so that is why it is extremely important to understanding the cold war.

http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Cuban-Missile-Crisis.aspx

Korea was occupied by Japan until the end of WWII. After the end of WWII, Korea was divided by the U.S. to the south and Russia/China to the North similar to what happened in Germany. The two countries were divided at the 38th parallel. This was to ensure a buffer zone between the two super powers. On June 25, 1950, the North invaded the south pushing all the way to the tip of the peninsula in a matter of months. The U.S. soon intervened by landing in Incheon, not too far south of the 38th parallel. With the help of the U.S., the South pushed back up to the Chinese border. The Chinese then fought back and pushed back down to the 38th parallel. The rest of the war was fought along this line where an armistice was signed in 1953. The war was started at the 38th parallel and ended at the 38th parallel. This war is one of the most important even though it is often forgotten. This is where the U.S. wins its first battle of containment against the Soviet Union. This was the U.S.'s first chance to fight communism backed by the Soviets without starting a nuclear war. The U.S. had to show that they weren't going to let the Soviets advance and they held them to the 38th so they did their job. It was a great victory for the U.S.

http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/kowar/kowar.htm

Non-Proliferation Treaty

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. Countries started signing it in 1968 and it came into effect in 1970. On 11 May 1995, the Treaty was extended indefinitely. A total of 190 parties have joined the Treaty, with five states being recognized as nuclear-weapon states: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China (also the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council). More countries have ratified the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, which shows just how important and relevant it still is. The NPT was very important during the Cold War because both the U.S. and the Soviets agreed to not use nuclear weapons. This was huge for both countries because it somewhat eliminated the constant fear of being nuked at any time. This was not only very good back in Cold War times but even today it is a very important treaty. It has still held its value because nuclear weaponry is still an issue. It is one of those important events of the Cold War that leaves a lasting effect on our modern world.

http://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2010/npttext.shtml

When Mikhail S. Gorbachev became general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in March 1985, he launched his nation on a dramatic new course. His dual program of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness) introduced huge changes in economic practice, internal affairs and international relations. Within five years, Gorbachev's revolutionary program swept communist governments throughout Eastern Europe from power and brought an end to the Cold War (1945-91). The largely political and economic rivalry between the Soviets and the United States and their respective allies that emerged following World War II was over. Gorbachev's actions also set the stage for the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union, which dissolved into 15 individual republics. He resigned from office on December 25, 1991. This event is important because it signals the end of the Cold War. Gorbachev brought more democratic western ideas to the Soviet Union. Perestroika focused on a reliance of market forces as opposed to the old Soviet system of Centralized Government planning. Glasnost gave greater freedoms to the media and allowed citizens to express more of their views. He also loosened the Soviets grip on its satellite countries so they could separate and form their own governments. These policies were great for the U.S. because they ended the Cold War that had weighed on our shoulders for almost 50 years. These ideas changed the Soviet Union and much of Eastern Europe forever.

http://www.soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1985perestroika&Year=1985

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In June 1948 the U.S. and Britain announced a proposal for establishing a new currency, the Deutschmark, into West Berlin. This immediately caused economic chaos in the Soviet Union as people...