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Past perfect
The "past perfect" refers to a time before the recent past. It is used to indicate that an event occurred before another in the past.
Evento A | Evento B
John had gone out | when I arrived in the office.
Evento A | Evento B
I had saved my document | before the computer crashed.

When they arrived | we had already started cooking.
Evento B | Evento A
He was very tired | because he hadn't slept well.

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The "simple past" is used to talk about an action that ended in a time before the current one

John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.

My father died last year.

He lived in Fiji in 1976.

We crossed the Channel yesterday.

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Pronombres Personales

I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

Pronombres Acusativos

me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

Adjetivos Posesivos

my, your, his her, its, our, your, their

Pronombres Posesivos

mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs

Pronombres Reflexivos

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, …

Pronombres Indefinidos

anyone, someone, nobody, everybody, anybody, …

Pronombres Relativos

that, who, whose, which, whom

Pronombres Recíprocos

each other, one another

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Fernanda García

Past perfect

1. John left the house at 7:30 yesterday morning.

2. Mary rang John’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday.

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Question tags

Question tags are the short questions that we put on the end of sentences – particularly in spoken English. There are lots of different question tags but the rules are not difficult to learn.

Positive/negative

If the main part of the sentence is positive, the question tag is negative ….

He’s a doctor, isn’t he?

You work in a bank, don’t you?

... and if the main part of the sentence is negative, the question tag is positive.

You haven’t met him, have you?

She isn’t coming, is she?

With auxiliary verbs

The question tag uses the same verb as the main part of the sentence. If this is an auxiliary verb (‘have’, ‘be’) then the question tag is made with the auxiliary verb.

They’ve gone away for a few days, haven’t they?

They weren’t here, were they?

He had met him before, hadn’t he?

This isn’t working, is it?

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TIME EXPRESSIONS

The present - permanent
Use the present simple tense to refer to permanent situations in the present.

I now live in a small town.
Nowadays I live in a small town.
These days I don't have much of a social life.

The present - temporary
Use the present continuous tense to refer to temporary situations in the present.

At present/ At the moment I'm living in a small town.
For the time being I'm living in a small town, but I hope to move soon.

Talking about a period of time in the past
-My mother started work as a nurse in the 1960s.
-in those days she lived in London.
-back then nurses were badly paid.
-At that time, nurses lived in special accommodation.

Talking about a single event in the past
At one time she lost her door key and had to stay in a hotel.
On one accasion she nursed the son of a famous politician.

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The past continuous is formed from the past tense of BE with the ING form of the verb:

We use the past continuous to talk about the past:

for something which continued before and after another action.

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https://youtu.be/OHG7orwUZGY

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TO BE in the simple past tense -was-where-
POSITIVE FORM:
Subjet+to be(was/where)+complemet
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subjet+to be(was/where)+ not+complement
QUESTION FORM:
To be(was/where)+subjet+complement+?

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Negative sentences in the Past Tense

We use didn't (did not) to make a negative sentence in the past tense.
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.
(Exception is To Be and modal verbs such as can)
Compare the following:

Present: They don't live in Canada.
Past: They didn't live in Canada.

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Examples of sentences using regular verbs in the past tense

Last night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors complained

She kissed me on the cheek.

It rained yesterday.

Andrea watched TV all night.

Carlos wanted to go to the museum.

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Wanted is used as the past tense for all subjects/pronouns.

I wanted

You wanted

He wanted

She wanted

It wanted

We wanted

They wanted

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PAST PERFECT

+ subject + had + verb (participle) + complements.
- subject + hadn't + verb (participle) + complements.
? (wh) + had + subject + verb (participle) + complements?

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PAST CONTINUOUS
+ subject + was / were + verb (ing) + complements.
- subject + wasn't / weren't + verb (ing) + complements.
? (wh) + was / were + subject + verb (ing) + complements?

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PAST TENSES

Sentence estructures

SIMPLE PAST

+ subject + verb (past) + complements.
- subject + didn't + verb + complements.
? (wh) + did + subject + verb + complements?

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Carlos Vargas

For Example:

“VERBO TO BE”

Afirmative
-You're a teacher, aren't you?

Negative
-You Aren’t a teacher, are you?

“TIEMPO PRESENTE”

Afirmative
-You speak English, don't you?

Negative
-You don’t speak inglish, do you?

“TIEMPO PASADO”

Afirmative
-He went to school, didn't he?

Negative
-He didn’t go to school, did he?

“FUTURO”

Afirmative
-She will cook, won't she?

Negative
-She won’t cook, won’t she?

“PRESENTE PERFECTO”

Afirmative
-You have finishied, haven’t you?

Negative
-You haven’t finished have you?

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Carlos Vargas

"Tag questions"
they are questions that are used to confirm what you think is true.
The "tag" (the part of the sentence that makes it a question) is formed using an auxiliary verb in the negative if the sentence was affirmative or an auxiliary verb in the affirmative if the sentence was negative.

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Carlos Vargas

The past tense in English is used:

to talk about the past

to talk about hypotheses – things that are imagined rather than true.

for politeness.

There are four past tense forms in English.

Tense:            Form:

Past simple: | I worked
Past continuos: | I was working
Past perfect: | I had worked
Past perfect continuous: | I had been working