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Penguins have developed a streamlined body to reduce drag in water. A shape that has also been adapted by fish and other marine animals. Their wings (called "flippers" on penguins and feet also serve a purpose :)

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I think Jeffrey was right because they needed to swim fast to get food underwater for the pack because they cannot fly.

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Jeffery is right because they needed to go underwater fast so they can get food under the water for the pack.

Other Animals that evolved
Guppies Adapted to Predators
Green Anole Lizards Adapted to an Invasive Species
Bedbugs Adapted to Pesticides
Salmon Adapted to Human Interference
Owls Adapted to Warmer Winters

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It may not seem natural for a bird to fly under the sea. But since they abandoned the skies more than 50 million years ago, penguins have evolved some ingenious solutions to the challenges of a mostly marine life. Most importantly, perhaps, penguins have evolved an extraordinarily streamlined body that allows them to feed efficiently on the fish and other prey that live deep in the sea, far out of reach of their flying cousins. "Penguins have an almost perfectly hydrodynamic body profile - just what you want if you live in a water world," says Gerald Kooyman, a University of California, San Diego biologist who has studied penguins for decades. In fact, Kooyman says, the penguin has among the most streamlined body shape ever gauged. A swimming Chinstrap penguin measuring more than seven inches wide, for instance, slices through the water with less resistance than a quarter-sized pebble.

Such streamlined design allows penguins to swim fast. While most cruise at about 5 miles per hour, some, such as Gentoo penguins, have been recorded blazing along at 15 miles per hour. Such bursts, often achieved by "porpoising," or repeatedly leaping out of the water, probably help penguins snag quick-moving prey and escape predators like leopard seals and killer whales. Sleek bodies also help penguins travel long distances. While most species appear to cover fewer than 60 miles in a single trip, some roam vast feeding territories. King and Emperor penguins, for instance, have been known to cover almost 1,000 miles on foraging trips that last up to a month, swimming more than 40 miles per day. Adelie penguins are believed to swim up to 3,000 miles to return to their spring nesting grounds, having spent the rest of the year roaming the drifting pack ice around Antarctica.

Penguins aren't just champion swimmers, however: Kooyman's research has helped reveal that they are also world-class divers. In the 1970s, in an effort to understand what Emperor penguins were doing at sea, Kooyman pioneered the use of automatic dive recorders - devices attached to the penguins that recorded the depth and length of their dives. Though relatively crude, the first devices produced astonishing results: the penguins were revealed to be diving to depths of almost 900 feet in search of food. Later, more sophisticated devices recorded Emperors staying underwater for up to 11 minutes and diving to at least 1,766 feet. The devices showed that other penguins also ventured into deep waters far more often than biologists had thought possible. Researchers observed one Gentoo penguin, for instance, making more than 450 dives in 15 hours, some to lower than 300 feet.

At such depths, penguins must overcome at least one potentially deadly challenge: the enormous pressure that is squeezing their bodies. At 1,200 feet, for instance, the birds are being squashed by 40 times the pressure they feel at the surface. The big squeeze is dangerous because it crushes the air in the penguin's lungs to just one-fortieth of its original volume, making it hard for oxygen to circulate to the brain and other vital organs. The pressure also forces nitrogen to dissolve in the blood; in humans and many other animals, the dissolved nitrogen can cause dangerous conditions called nitrogen narcosis (which can cause divers to hallucinate and make deadly mistakes in the deep) and "the bends," a painful condition caused by the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood.

How do penguins avoid these problems and stay down so long? Recent research suggests that, as they free fall into the depths, the birds cut off blood flow to many parts of the body - essentially turning off all but the most essential organs, such as the heart and the brain. This not only allows the birds to hold their breaths longer, but also reduces the risk that their blood will become contaminated by nitrogen, researchers say. Whether the penguins can consciously control or limit this body shutdown, or whether it occurs automatically when they reach certain depths, is not yet known.

Penguins also have other adaptations that make them highly efficient menaces of the deep sea. Their tongues are armed with sharp, backward-facing barbs that help prevent prey from escaping. And penguin eyes appear to be adapted to multipurpose use, producing sharp vision in both the dark depths and at the sunlit surface. This is no easy accomplishment, since air and water demand very different kinds of sight. But penguins apparently make the switch smoothly by changing the shape of the lenses in their eyes to correct for differences in the way air and water transmit light. The birds seem to use fine eye muscles to bend and warp the wafer-thin lens, which is shaped much like a contact lens. Some penguins even may retain some of their ability to see color in the deep, where only blue-green light penetrates. Humboldt penguins, for instance, have eyes that are especially sensitive to blue-green light - a trait that may help them see and distinguish prey like squid.

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The World of Penguins ~ Deep Divers | Nature | PBS

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It may not seem natural for a bird to fly under the sea. But since they abandoned the skies more than 50 million years ago, penguins have evolved some ingenious solutions to the challenges of a mostly marine life. Most importantly, perhaps, penguins have evolved an extraordinarily streamlined body that allows them to feed efficiently [...]

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After my research, I think that Jeffrey was right because penguins had evolved from flightless birds and had webbed feet and streamlined bodies to make them go really fast underwater.

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We agree with Jeffery because penguins can swim with there streamline

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JEFFREY

I agree with jeffrey because  evolving so they can swin is good

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we agree with Jeffrey because he said penguins have evolved there streamlined shape so they can swim through the water .

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We agree ullissa because it sounds the most real

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I agree with Jenny because the penguins evolved through mutations in there streamline shape

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we agree with jeffery because we believe that they evolved so that its easier to adapt to the cold and wet climates underwater-https://www.penguins-world.com/penguin-evolution/

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The evolutionary history of penguins is an issue that still intrigues researchers. Do they descend from flying birds or their ancestors were already non-flying birds? Why would they lose their ability to roam the skies? These questions are not easy to answer, but some hypotheses try to explain the mystery of their existence.

Genetic analyses indicate that members of the Spheniscidae family, the present penguins, evolved from non-flying birds whose ancestors were very different from what we could imagine. Their basal ancestor, the first to separate from other groups of birds, lived 71-68 million years ago, although this period can extend to 40-100 million years.

Some scientists believe that the earliest ancestors may have been flying birds that lived 60-65 million years ago during the Cretaceous Period. Because of their resemblance to cormorants, razorbills, puffins and other members of the Alcidae family, some scientists believe they are related to them, but the relationship is not very close; they are cases of convergent evolution, in which groups of species evolve independently but in a similar way.

In general, three groups of birds share many similarities with the modern penguins, suggesting that these groups could have some ancestor in common. These groups are:
A) Petrels and Albatrosses.
B) Loons.
C) Frigatebirds.

Podiceps and little grebes are also closely related to them.

A 2014 study entitled "Genomes of Two Antarctic Penguins," reveals a vision of their evolutionary history and the molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment (Wang, Jung; Zhang, Guojie, David M. Lambert and others). It suggests penguins are brothers of the birds of the order Procellariiformes, which includes albatrosses, petrels, and storm petrels. In this sense, penguins and Procellariiformes are genetically close.

It is believed that the penguins are derived from a type of bird that is able to fly.

Somehow, the first ancestors of penguins are related to flying birds, but the truth is that modern penguins did evolve from non-flying birds; That's the difference. Some believe that the "basal Penguin" lived somewhere in what was Gondwana, a large mass of land that was in the process of fragmentation and which would later become Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and parts of South America.

It would be easy to think that the evolution of penguins took place in Antarctica, but this does not seem to be the case. From the fossils found, it is more likely that the first true penguins developed on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand, in an area called Waipara. They conclude this because the oldest fossil fragments have been found precisely in New Zealand.

There is evidence that there lived the oldest penguin known, about 60-62 million years ago, which is named Waimanu manneringi. It was not much like the modern penguins, but it had lost already the ability to fly and had short wings that worked well for diving. Possibly, it was the size of a yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes).

But why did the ancestors stop flying and evolved into penguins? There are several hypotheses; The most accepted is that such ancestors increasingly adapted to the marine environment, where they found a large amount of food. Over the years, their swimming and diving necessities brought them structural changes, since they were no longer needed to fly for food; their wings were shortened and became flap-shaped, and its feather coat became dense.

Modern Penguins.

About 55 million years ago, penguins were already completely adapted to the life in water, in a warmer environment than today. After the disappearance of the dinosaurs, many marine reptiles also became extinct but penguins diversified, or in other words, slowly developed new species that occupied the ecological niches of some extinct animals. The evolution of modern penguins took place over the course of approximately 3 million years.

One of the descendants of the basal Penguin, named by scientists as "Penguin One," is the ancestor of all penguins that now exist in the world, and it lived some 34.2-47.6 million years ago. Later, about 40 million years ago, a penguin appeared that has been classified in the genus Aptenodytes and named Penguin A, and that gave rise to the biggest species: the emperor penguin and the king penguin. It is important to know that this penguin was only one of the members of the genus since there were other species of the same that did not evolve successfully in the same way.

Later, Penguin B emerged, a member of the genus Pygoscelis and "father" of the present gentoo penguins, Adélie penguins, and chinstrap penguins. Penguin C gave birth to the Galápagos, Humboldt, Magellanic and African penguins, and one more ancestor is considered the father of the remaining species, including crested penguins. About 40-25 million years ago, penguins were already hot-blooded predators of fish, squid, and krill.

The number of species was formerly much greater than is now, as several became extinct over time because they did not adapt to new environmental conditions, competition with cetaceans for food or other reasons. The Miocene species were gigantic; For example, Anthropornis nordenskjoldi could have reached a height up to 1.7-1.8 meters, more or less the stature of some people! However, at that time this species began to decrease and finally got extinct, at the same time that whales and seals began to proliferate on Earth.
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin#Evolution

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/aug/04/giant-penguin-fossil-antarctica

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/04/0411_060411_penguins_2.html

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/131320-penguin-evolution-science-flight-diving-swimming-wings/
BioExpedition Publishing © 2017.

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Penguin Evolution - Penguin Facts and Information

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The evolutionary history of penguins is an issue that still intrigues researchers. Do they descend from flying birds or their ancestors were already non-flying birds? Why would they lose their ability to roam the skies? These questions are not easy to answer, but some hypotheses try to explain the mystery of their existence.

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Penguins lost the ability to fly eons ago, and scientists may have finally figured out why. A new study suggests that getting off the ground eventually just took too much effort for birds that were becoming expert swimmers.Penguins are dinosaurs. It's true. Way back in the Jurassic.why did penguins loose there ability to fly- they likely had little or no threat from predators in their past.

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I believe Jeffery because his makes the most sense

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JEFFREY
I agree with Jeffery because evolving so they can swim sounds the most real

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We agree with Jeffrey because they found more food in the sea

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I agree with Demetri because i think penguins have always been like that

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We agree with Jenny because penguins 🐧 did evolve over the years because of mutations 🤪

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Read all the speech bubbles and decide who you agree with.

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If you think you have a better idea then also include this!