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The common name of our species is cane toad and the scientific name is Rhinella marina

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The cane toads mostly eat insects but once and a while they will eat small mammals or reptiles like a smaller frog.

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Cane toads were initially introduced to Florida as a method of biological pest control in the 1930s. The toads were supposed to eat beetles threatening the sugar cane crop, but the introduced population did not survive. In the 1950s, a pet importer released about 100 cone toads at the Miami airport, and there are other documented incidents of purposeful releases in south Florida. Its considered invasive because it preys on and competes with native species; highly toxic to predators (including pets).

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The location of the cane toad in Florida 

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The location of the cane toad in Florida 

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They are mostly native to central and South Florida, including key west and stock island.

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Cane toads are indigenous to much of South America north through Central America, and Mexico northward to extreme southern Texas

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Why they are hurting the environment in Florida 

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Why they are hurting the environment in Florida 

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Cane Toads prey on native frogs, lizards, snakes, small mammals, and just about anything else that fits into their mouths. This causes less food for other native species of frog. Also they do not have a lot of predators because of their poison, this causes a lot of growth in the population.

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Researchers found that cane toads filled a wide fundamental niche in Australia, as opposed to the narrow, tightly defined role they have in their native South America. Some of their natural predators are caimans, snakes, birds, and some fish.

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Natural Habitat of this invasive species 

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Natural Habitat of this invasive species 

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These toads live in sand dunes and coastal grasslands to the margins of rain forests and mangroves.

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- Science has found that they are infected with a lungworm parasite that kills 30% of baby cane toads and slows down adults. This parasite doesn’t kill other frogs so it will only affect them. Professor Shine's team have also discovered pheromones used to communicate danger between toad tadpoles that have significant impacts on their size and survival. The 'alarm pheromones' are released into a pond when a tadpole is frightened or injured and warns other toad tadpoles to flee the area. The signal stresses the toad tadpoles so much that in field trials around half of them died before they became adult toads, and those that become adults were half the size they should've been.

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By creating dams and troughs we provide the toads with water staging ground. By blocking the toads from these hubs, we could prevent them from spreading over 857,000 square kilometres. Cane toads are less dependent on water than many other frogs, but they’re not adapted to truly dry climates. While some frogs burrow underground or create protective cocoons, cane toads simply lose water until they die of dehydration.

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By training animals to avoid these toads our populations that are being affected by them will start to thrive again. For example researchers are attempting to train the quolls to associate the taste of cane toads with becoming sick. They are introducing the quolls to sausages made from cane toad frog legs and which are laced with a nauseating chemical. Research suggests that a quarter of quolls will avoid eating a cane toad if they have sampled one of these laced sausages.

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We decided that the first solution is the best one. We think that because no natural predators can kill them, a parasite that only affects the cane toad and no other frog species for the most part would be the most effective. We would probably need permission from the state to give these cane toads the parasite. We would probably measure it by taking a population size in one area and see what the parasite would do over the years.

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https://ufwildlife.ifas.ufl.edu/frogs/canetoad.shtml

https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=48

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/UW432

https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatic/fish-and-other-vertebrates/cane-toad

https://ufwildlife.ifas.ufl.edu/frogs/canetoad.shtml

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/30/cane-toads-on-the-march-invasive-species-finds-ideal-niche-in-australia

https://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/cane_toad/

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080508131953.htm