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In 1530, Nicolaus Copernicus wrote De Revoltionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, completed 1530). He denies the medieval beli

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Belgian physician and anatomist described human anatomy more accurately than Greek scientist Galen. His work brings a sentence of death from the Inquisition (Ca

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His Novum Organum (1620) stresses the importance of proper scientific method: theories must be supported by proof acquired by experimentation and observation.

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Italian mathematician and scientist. The first to use telescopes for astronomy. He describes the surface of the Moon and the rotation of the moons of Jupiter. A

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Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) was the first to accept heliocentric theory. He argued that the orbits of the planets are elliptical and not circular as Copernicus had 

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English physician and anatomist Sir Thomas Cavendish discovered the circulation of the blood in animals. He describes the purpose of arteries, veins, and the he

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Develops analytic geometry and other mathematical techniques useful in theoretical science. He believes that mathematical proof is the model for rational scient

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In The Sceptical Chemist (1661) he questions the accepted belief that the world is made up of just four elements. He argues that they can be broken down into mo

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He proposes the wave theory of light, discovers the rings of Saturn and builds the first reliable pendulum clock.

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He designs a powerful microscope and uses it to describe bacteria, protozoa, spermatozoa, and blood corpuscles

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One of the greatest theoretical scientists in history. Discovered the law of gravitation and developed calculus. Also invents the reflecting telescope. Best kno

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In 1789 he describes the constituent gasses of air and shows that combustion can only take place in the presence of oxygen. Develops the modern system for namin