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Nicolas Copernicus was a Polish Priest and Mathematician. He supports the theory "Heliocentric Theory" which is where they believe that Earth is the center of the universe and planets revolve around the Sun. Nicolaus Copernicus studied locations of the stars and created a more accurate calendar. Mathematical calculations had worked better on this type of theory.

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Andreas Vesalius was a Belgian physician and anatomist. He created the Seven Books on the Structure of the Human Body in 1543. Also known as De humani corporis fabrica libri septem. In it, he describes human anatomy more accurately. All of his work is a death sentence from the Inquisition for immortality.

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Francis Bacon was an English Philosopher from 1561–1626. In 1620, his Novum Organum talked about the importance of the scientific method. The scientific method is the logical approach for ideas and states that theories must be supported by proof.
Steps of the Scientific Method:
Step one of the scientific method is to observe and question.
Step two of the scientific method is to hypothesize.
Step three of the scientific method is to experiment.
Step four of the scientific method is to analyze the data.
Step five of the scientific method is to evaluate and share results.

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Galileo Galilei was an Italian mathematician and scientist. He created observations that supported Nicolaus theory even more. The church condemned Galileo’s theory and put him on trial. Galileo was then put under house arrest for the rest of his life because of these theories. The theory gained acceptance a long time later.

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William Harvey was an English physician and anatomist. He found out that human have a circulation of blood in them. William Harvey explains the purpose of veins, arteries, and the heart in "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals." Also known as "De motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus."

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Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician and astronomer. He accepted the "heliocentric theory" after looking it over. Nicolaus is the one who published the heliocentric theory in 1543. The theory states, "Planets, the sun, and the stars were said to be revolving around the Earth in circles." Johannes said that planets actually go around in oval shapes and not perfect circles.

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René Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician. He relied on mathematics and logic to learn all about the world. He also agreed with Sir Francis but needed some more evidence. His best known philosophical is called, "Meditations on First Philosophy." Also known as "Meditationes de prima philosophia," which talks about the importance of allowing indubitable evidence.

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Christiaan Huygens was a Dutch physicist and astronomer. He gave the theory which proposes the wave theory of light and builds the first reliable pendulum clock. The pendulum clock was actually an original Galileo’s idea. He also discovered all of the rings of Saturn.

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Robert Boyle was an Irish physicist and chemist. He found the properties of air allowing him to develop a theory which describes the relationship between pressure and volume of gasses. He questioned the belief that the world is made up of just four elements. Those four elements included Earth, Air, Fire, Water.

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Anton van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch biologist from 1632–1723. He created a powerful microscope and used it to see bacteria, protozoa, spermatozoa, and blood corpuscles.

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Issac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician. He expanded the heliocentric theory once again. Issac created a mechanical explanation on motion in the universe. Issac’s work provided modern physics and lead to scientific advantages. He discovered the law of gravitation after studying Kepler’s laws.

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Antoine Lavoisier was a French chemist during 1743–1794. He created "Elementary Treatise on Chemistry" which talks about the constituent gasses of air. He also developed the system for naming chemical compounds and proposed that the matter never gets destroyed in chemical reactions.