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Basic Terminologies Used In Genetics - Basic Terminology

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The topics that were covered in this chapter are extremely important to the real world since they are still used today.The use of punnett squares are still used today in the sense of figuring out what traits you got from which parent. This can be applied to the real world around us since we can predict the future of what generations will have a certain trait.

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1. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be- Homozygous

2. What type of reproduction produces haploid cells at the conclusion?- Sexual reproduction

3. What is a homologous chromosome?- A pair of two chromosomes

4. What happens during crossing over?- Part of one chromosome is exchanged with another

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- there are two main causes of genetic variation( meiosis, mitosis)
-Gregor Mendel's principles of genetics apply to plants and animals.
-you get one allele from each parent.

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Cross pollination: when plants are crossed with different types of plants

Principle of dominance: some alleles are dominant and some are recessive

Segregation of alleles: during sex cell formation, or gametes, alleles segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene

homozygous-  two identical alleles for a particular trait

heterozygous-  two different alleles for a particular trait

Codominance: Occurs when both alleles are expressed but unlike incomplete dominance, they are not blended.

Polygenic inheritance: Traits controlled by two or more genes are said to be polygenic.

Multiple alleles: A gene with more than two alleles is said to have multiple alleles

crossing over-Part of one chromosome is exchanged with another

Incomplete dominance- neither dominant nor recessive, blending of two traits