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Without protein synthesis cells wouldn't perform their jobs and we would die. Protein ¨wear out¨ over time, so our cells are continually making new proteins to replace the old ones. In short protein synthesis allows us to continue living as it continues making new proteins and polypeptide chains.

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1. What is the sequence (aka the Central Dogma) of the transfer of genetic information in organisms? DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated into proteins
2. What is the relationship between codons and anticodons? They are complementary to one another. Codons and anticodons bond together as a way to build amino acid polypeptide chains that will fold into proteins
3. Why are codons and anticodons important to protein structure? Codons and anticodons are complementary to one another. tRNA bonds their anticodons to mRNA codons in order to create an amino acid chain for a protein
4. What does gene regulation allow cells to do? IH-Gene regulation ensures that the appropriate genes are expressed at the proper times

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1. DNA - double stranded cell that contains our genetic information
2. RNA - nucleic acid that consists of a long chain of nucleotides
3. mRNA - carries information from DNA to other parts of the cell
4. rRNA - contain within ribosomes
5. tRNA - transfers each amino acid to the ribosome
6. Ribosome - contains rRNA; the organelle that builds proteins
7. Polypeptide chain - A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino acid residues bonded together in a chain
8. Genetic code - the bases that code for specific amino acids
9. Amino acid - A simple organic compound, the building blocks of proteins
10. Codon - A sequence of 3 consecutive nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid

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Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation (Updated)

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Vocab: RNA, codon, amino acid, the genetic code (the “GUAC” wheel)
DNA → RNA → protein
Transcription → translation
Be able to read the “GUAC” genetic code wheel to determine an amino acid sequence