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Led by Sebastián de Belalcázar, the Spanish conquest of Ecuador marks a turning point in its history. Entering the territory in 1534, Belalcázar founded the city of Quito, setting the stage for Spanish colonization.

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The mita system had a profound effect on indigenous communities, resulting in the separation of families and challenging working conditions. Implemented in various economic sectors such as mining, construction, textiles, and agriculture, it mandated compulsory labor.

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During colonial times, they built churches, cathedrals, and monasteries in Ecuador. People's lives revolved around the Catholic religion, which was very important for how society was organized. This period, when Spain ruled Ecuador, greatly influenced how things were done socially, economically, and culturally. When Ecuador fought for independence in the early 1800s, it marked the end of this colonial time.

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Francisco de Orellana, known for his exploration of the Amazon River, founded Guayaquil in 1541. This pivotal event established one of the most important ports in the South Pacific, crucial for the colonial economy.

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Established by Philip II of Spain, the Royal Audiencia of Quito was created as a part of the Spanish Crown's effort to govern the territories. This administrative district included parts of what are now Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru, highlighting its significance in colonial governance.

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The Great Rebellion of 1599, led by the indigenous leader Rumiñahui, was a significant uprising against Spanish rule. Although ultimately unsuccessful, it showcased the enduring resistance of the indigenous population.

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1739: Establishment of the Viceroyalty of New Granada

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1739: Establishment of the Viceroyalty of New Granada

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The creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1739, which included the territory of the Audiencia of Quito, represented a reorganization of Spanish colonial governance. This move was aimed at improving administration and defense against foreign powers.

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1809 August 10: First Cry of Independence

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1809 August 10: First Cry of Independence

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The 'First Cry of Independence' on August 10, 1809, in Quito, was the first step towards Ecuadorian independence. Though this initial attempt was crushed, it ignited the struggle that would eventually lead to freedom from Spanish rule.

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1820 October 9: Guayaquil declares independence

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1820 October 9: Guayaquil declares independence

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On October 9, 1820, Guayaquil became the first Ecuadorian city to gain independence from Spain, marking a decisive moment in the country's fight for sovereignty. This event set the stage for other regions to join the independence movement.

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The Battle of Pichincha, fought on May 24, 1822, near Quito, secured Ecuador's independence as part of Simón Bolívar's liberation campaign. This victorious battle ensured that Ecuador would join the newly formed Republic of Gran Colombia.

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Ecuador's decision to break away was influenced by regional tensions, cultural differences, and disagreements over governance. The split led to the establishment of Ecuador as an independent nation, with its own government and political identity.

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The First Constitution of Ecuador (1830)

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The First Constitution of Ecuador (1830)

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It set up how the government would work, saying who had power and what rules they had to follow. It also talked about things like who could be a citizen, what rights people had, and how local governments should be organized. This constitution showed that Ecuador wanted to be fair and have a good system of government.