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Public Services Building(The Portland Building)

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Public Services Building(The Portland Building)

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Michael Graves

1980-82

Portland, Oregon

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Nicolas Poussin

1637-38

female figure based on classical Greek/Roman sculpture

tomb takes up most of canvas

Tomb has title inscribed on it which means

I too once lined in Arcadia

referring to the person in the tomb

or

I too am in Arcadia

referring to death

Arcadia is thought to be a mythical idea place

tomb is more ancient then ancient people due to cracks and warn state of the stone

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Fauvism

removing the naturalistic description function from color

Analytic Cubism

deconstructing space; showing more than one viewpoint at the same time;
influence of Cezanne

Synthetic Cubism

building up images; use of collage; “real” vs. illusion

German Expressionism: Die Brucke

dissatisfaction with industrial modern life; looking to
German past with woodblock prints

German Expressionism: Der Blaue Reiter

looking for spirituality and “universal truths;” Abstract art vs. non-objective art, non-narrative art, non-representational art

Italian Futurism

sought to reject the past and bring Italy into the future; interest in new
technology, speed, and movement

Russian Suprematism

“supremacy of feeling;” pro-Russian revolution; wanted to create a new
vocabulary and language of art removed from the elitist past

Dada

Reaction against World War I; focus on absurdity, element of chance
(Enlightenment values of logic and reason only lead to war); challenged status quo in art,
culture, etc.

Surrealism

1930’s; element of chance (like Dada); randomness related to dream states;
juxtaposition of unrelated objects; exploration of the subconscious mind; dream images;
stream of consciousness

De Stijl(The style)

Dutch movement; sought to create utopian environment through
geometric abstraction; sought universal order that would make nationalism obsolete;
also called International Style and Neo-Plasticism

Regionalism

Representational; local (Midwest) imagery

Abstract Expressionism

two branches

Action Painting

Color Field Painting

Influenced by Surrealism, art about emotion, myth, universal forces, brought attention to the paint on canvas rather then hiding canvas, brought NYC to the center of art world

Poster-Painterly Abstraction

Stain painting

Post Abstraction

Combines

Installation art

Art as experience, not collectable

Performance art

Art as life, improvisation; unpredictable

Pop art

reaction to elitism of Abstract Expressionism; unemotional, Similar to Dada in love of ready-made, common objects, Sought a mass-produced look-accessible, interested in mass media and pop culture

Minimalism

unemotional, reduced to most basic parts, "what you see is what you see"- denial of meaning

Earthworks

earth is the canvas, interactive, out of gallery=less elitist, not collectable

Activist Art

art as political statement

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Yayoi Kusama 2014

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Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S. 1995

Nam June Paik

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The Dinner Party 1979

Judy Chicago

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude

Sonoma and Marin Counites, California 1972-76

18ft high

talked about as a ribbon of light

it seems endless when you're by it

the work of art is the togetherness of the Fence, the hills, and the area around it

Each panel is a slice of our lives

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Frank Stella

1965

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Ellsworth Kelly

1963

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Roy Lichtenstein

1963

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How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare

Joseph Beuys Nov. 26 1965

walked around different museums mumbling to a dead rabbit he carried around.

he also had honey and gold leaf on his face

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Yayoi Kusama

2017

The Souls of Millions of Light Years Away

The Broad, Los Angeles

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Allan Kaprow

1961

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Jasper Johns

1958

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Robert Rauschenberg

1955-58

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Louise Nevelson

1957-60

Considered Postwar Sculpture

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Helen Frankenthaler

1952

Considered Post-Painterly Abstraction

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Mark Rothko

1953

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Charles Demuth

1927

Considered Precisionism

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Dorothea Lange

1936

Considered Social Realism

Lange was a photographer

drove by an outdoor camp and stopped to take pictures

Migrant laborers were very unpopular at the time in California

Police were hired to move these people out of the way

Lange photographed a migrant worker waiting dangerously on the side of the road for her husband and son to return with something to patch the radiator of their car

part of a series of photographs that progressively get closer until this photo is taken

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Diego Rivera

1935

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In the North the Negro Had Better Educational Facilities

from "The Migration of the Negro" series

1940-41

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Hot Still-Scape for Six Colors - 7th Avenue Style

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Hot Still-Scape for Six Colors - 7th Avenue Style

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Stuart Davis

1940

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Georgia O'Keefe

1936

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Georgie O'Keefe

1926

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Henry Moore

1938

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Alexander Calder

1933

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Joan Miro

1933

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Kathe Kollwitz

1924

words translate to "never again war"

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Raoul Hausmann

1920

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Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance

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Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance

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Hans Arp

1916-17

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Kazimir Malevich

1915(dated 1914)

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Giorgio de Chirico

1914

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Marcel Duchamp

1913

painted in response to modernism

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Vasily Kandinsky

1913 oil on canvas

painted a year before the first world war began

was an orchestration to Kandinsky

natural pairing of color and shape along with sound

inspired by Schoenberg's music

this painting looks like what Schoenberg's music sounds like

Schoenberg wrote atonal music

Music is inherently abstract in a way

abstracted so much so that we must take in the form and color as itself and nothing else

to make something new you have to destroy what's already there

large size so it's immersive

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Giacomo Balla

1912

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Paul Klee

1915

considered German Expressionism

Der Blaue Reiter

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Henri Matisse

1905

controversial piece that got the movement its' name of fauvism

fauve mean wild beast and is from an art critic who described the piece

The Stein family purchased the piece

Leo Stein was quoted as saying it was "the nastiest smear of paint" he'd ever seen

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Bird in Space

Constantin Brancusi

1928(unique cast)

bronze, limestone, wood

worked most of his career in Paris

ascending form the material to the immaterial

wood, to limestone, to bronze

gentle organic arching

representation of what birds do

customs took the sculpture and wouldn't let it through in 1936 because they didn't believe it was a work of art

the radicality of abstraction

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Betye Saar

1872 assemblage

Considered Activist Art

Saar drew on Cornell's style of boxed assemblages

was made in the year Cornell died so it could be a tribute to him

Uses the Mammy image

a happy, overweight female slave that worked in her master's house without complaint

Aunt Jemima was based off the Mammy caricature

The Black Panther movement was founded in 1966 as an alternative for black woman so they didn't have to choose between feminists and civil rights movements

A lot of creative people were drawn to this new, more violent, movement

the black power movement, starting along side the Black Panther movement, used a single, raise black fist as their logo

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Mies van der Rohe

1956-1958

one of the most important buildings designed

Rohe had been designing buildings for a while but this was his first office building

Seagram was a Canadian liquor company

The daughter of the head of Seagram saw the diagram he made and told him it sucked and took him to the modern art museum

that's how Rohe got the job

bronze and other materials so it's kind of like a sculpture

bronze rubbed with oil to stop it oxidizing

vaguely fluted columns at the bottom

girders around windows serve no purpose besides to play with light and shadow for aesthetics

the I-beams specifically

instead of stripping away the decorative Rohe incorporated it

building doesn't take up all of it's lot

it's set back into the lot to not overwhelm the plazzo across the street

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude

1979-2005

created over two weeks in 1979

complicates the picturesque landscape developed in mid-19th century for cities

The gates draw attention to themselves, not the park they're in

inspired by the ways pedestrians walk the different paths of the park

made for the pedestrian in motion

no concrete starting or ending point

Christo and Jeanne don't take sponsors so they fund everything themselves

the temporary aspect of their pieces is a deliberate choice

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Robert Smithson

1970

Smithson made this on the edge of the Great Salt Lake

hired people to help him create this

water collects there and then evaporates in the Great Salt Lake

there's a kind of algae that makes the water pink/red

was made to change with the surrounding area

about entropy

the way things break down

overwhelming size of nature vs the smallness of man

was made to catch water, but now is surrounded by sand due to drought

piece is outside the system of buying and selling art

museums protect works of art from time, but this was made to change over time

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Donald Judd

1969

almost a relief

minimalist sculpture

each box/shelf was made in a factory, not by him

Jud was very specific about how it was spaced and placed on the wall

outside is brass

plexi-glass windows to see through sometimes

Judd doesn't want to make a sculpture that looks like a person or a space that isn't really there

suggest machine production in the repetition

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Andy Warhol

1962

Asks the question why is this art?

by putting this in a museum it gives it different context

cheap advertising was one of the lowest subjects one could paint

about mass production and factories

it's easy to change how you view things depending on context

focus on the refocusing of ideas

used a rubber stamp for the fleur de li at the bottom of each can

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Roy Lichenstein

1969

tripdych

pop artist

thoughtfulness in how it's done

paying homage to art history

Monet did a set of cathedrals too

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Jasper Johns

oil on canvas on plywood

flag is potent symbol so in a way piece is a mirror

critics asked if this was a painting or an actual flag

handmade flag

flags represent the country and their history

same goes for this painting of a flag

art can still represent really complex things while being very simple

Johns created this before pop art

he was the first to recreate the American flag in this way

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Robert Rauschenberg

1955 combine

combine means a mixture of painting and sculpture

A real pillow case and quilted blanket

on top are paints and pencil marks

manifestation of the artist's psyche

self-consciousness and irony in the copying of another's style

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Helen Frankenthaler

1963 acrylic

paint poured over paint while wet

tilted canvas instead of using brush

called color field painting

painting classified by simplicity of line and a focus on color as the subject rather then a descriptor

Frankenthaler is considered a second gen color field painter

she was inspired by Pollock's drip method

colors on the canvas don't have to represent anything anymore

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Mark Rothko

1949

generous melancholy in some of his paintings

Rothko wanted his viewers to be in tears before his paintings

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Mark Rothko

1958

Rothko was a hermit so we don't know a lot about him

soft corners to make it seem the colors are floating off the canvas

Rothko layered color over color over color

He wanted the viewer to experience the emotions he felt while painting

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Looking at Jackson Pollock

1948

there's some technicality to it

action painting

moved around as he painted

not about creating the illusion of something else, but creating something in and of itself

Pollock was one of the first to make this organic, eccentric, non-representational art

there isn't a clear right answer when it comes to these paintings

everything is up to interpretation

Pollock was interested in psychoanalysis

Rosenberg said the art is contained in the action of making the art itself

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Jackson Pollock

1950 enamel on canvas

WW2 ended 1945

focused on period of anxiety during the Cold War that would soon take place

step out of our own way to create something different

stepping away from the representation of nature

Pollock didn't touch the canvas with his brush or prime the canvas before painting

used a different mix of paints

car paint

house enamel paint

etc

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was a group that emerged after WW2

the artists didn't like the name abstract expressionism

artists insisted their paintings were primal images, deeply rooted in society's collective unconscious

the first American visual art movement to gain international acclaim

works are known for

large scale

non-objective imagery

no clear focal point

visible signs of the artist's working

These characteristics aren't consistent with every work in the movement

many artists held strong Marxist ideas of social and economic equality

took inspiration from Swiss psychologist Carl Jung

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Henri Cartier-Bresson

1932

street photography movement

the beginning of snapshot photography

Journalists used the same camera to capture with a split second shutter speed

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Pablo Picasso

1937

painting against war

considered protest art

Picasso was spanish

challenges the concept of war being heroic

in 1936 a civil war began in Spain between the Republican government and fascist forces lead by General Francisco Franco

This was painted because of the first saturation bombing of a civilian population, done by Hitler's forces in support of Franco

it was a training mission to text the new bombing tactic

1600 civilians were wounded or killed

resides in Madrid, Spain ever since 1981 when Spain enjoyed the public liberties and democratic institutions Picasso wanted for his homeland

Picasso used horses and bulls throughout his painting career as a reference to bullfighting

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Frida Kahlo

1931

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Friday Kahlo

1939

she painted this the year she divorced Diego Rivera, an acclaimed Mexican muralist

Before she married Rivera she wore modern European dress, but Rivera encouraged her to look into her heritage which sparked the attire on the right, rooted in Mexican customs

Her necklace on the right references pre-Columbian jadeite of the Aztecs.

her earrings are colonial in style

painted about 200 pieces, many of which were self-portraits

unable to bear children after a bus accident at 18 and polio deformed her right leg in her childhood

Kahlo avoided embellishing her features, but instead tried to show herself as she was

she's quoted saying "I paint self-portraits because I am so often alone, because I am the person I know best."

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Edward Hopper

1942

Considered Social Realism

thought of as war time alienation

there's no doorway to let us into the restaurant, we are left out on the street

Eerily silent everywhere except the diner

super late at night

was painted during the height of WWII

Hopper often painted images of loneliness and isolation

Not a specific street corner or cafe

enough detail to feel like we've been there but enough ambiguity that it could be anywhere

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Grant Wood

1930

came to represent middle American/small town America

the models are Wood's dentist and sister

Specificity in the man's face, not in the background

stock market crashed and the economy stalled around this time

Considered part of the American Regionalist movement

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Object(Fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon)

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Object(Fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon)

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Meret Oppenheim

1936

it's gazelle fur

Oppenheim was at a cafe with Dora Maar and Pablo Picasso when she had the idea for this piece

Andre Breton helped found surrealism with his "Manifesto of Surrealism"

historians thought the fur added sexual connotations to the hand-held objects

a woman fainted when she saw this

The original idea came from the idea of using fur to keep her tea warm, not anything sexual

Oppenheim believed that "Nobody will give you freedom; you have to take it."

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Salvador Dali

1931

it's an attack on the rational

trippy like album artwork in the 1980s

surrealism painting

Dali was one of the first people to do dreamscapes

unbearable sense of quiet

ants are eating away at a timepiece in the bottom right

Freud's work was becoming popular and was read by a lot of artists at the time

we perceive reality depending on the way our brains are wired

we fundamentally don't understand time as it is hard to understand and define

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The Treachery of Images(Ceci n'est pas une pipe)

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The Treachery of Images(Ceci n'est pas une pipe)

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Rene Magritte

1928-1929

oil paint

text means "this is not a pipe".

surrealism paintingt

which is stronger? The representation of the pipe of the text telling us it's not a pipe

both are representing a pipe but aren't pipes in and of themselves

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Man Ray

1958

birth name was Emanuel Radnitzky

he made the sculpture quickly after a bout of inspiration

the movement used humor and antagonism to question the definition of works of art

was created a few years before the dada movement really came about

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Hannah Hoch

1919-1920

photomontage

displayed in the first national dada fair

lots of clashes between political parties at the time

focused on the role of woman artists

she wasn't treated very well

there's a tiny little picture of her head on the corner of the map in the bottom right

top right corner is anti-dadaist people

Hannah is very specifically demeaning men to reverse the power dynamic at the time

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Marcel Duchamp

(1917)1964

didn't actually make this, found it and painted some words on it

work was originally rejected after being submitted as a sculpture

art is the transformation of ordinary materials to make use see things in a different way

this piece was meant to ask us what art is

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Piet Mondrian

1929 oil

considered neo-plasticism.

also De Stjil movement

modernism

neoclassicism

was interested in purity at the time

construct balance and harmony in art we can do it in the world around us

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(William Morris Room)

William Morris(Morris & co.)

1867

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Berthe Morisot

1879

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Camille Pissarro

1875

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Claude Monet

1872

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Le Dejeuner sur I'Herbe

Edouard Manet 1885

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Plum Estate, Kameido, from the series 100 Famous Views of Edo

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Plum Estate, Kameido, from the series 100 Famous Views of Edo

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Utagawa Hiroshige

woodblock print 1857

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Naniwa Okita Admiring Herself in a Mirror

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Naniwa Okita Admiring Herself in a Mirror

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Kitagawa Utamaro

woodblock print 1790-95

from the Edo period

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Alphonse Mucha

lithograph 1897

reveria refers to French resver or rever which means to wander or to be delirious

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Interior Stairwell of the Tassel House, Brussels

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Interior Stairwell of the Tassel House, Brussels

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Victor Horta

1892-93

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Henry Ossawa Tanner

1910

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Vincent van Gogh

oil paint 1888

not a brothel according to van Gogh. Instead a place where prowlers cease to be prowlers as they slump over tables

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Henri Rousseau

1897

symbolizes vulnerability and innocence

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The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity

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The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity

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Odilon Redon

1878

the eye symbolizes the human soul and the mysterious inner world

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

1891

color lithograph

shows famous dancers such as "No-Bones" Valentin at Moulin Rouge

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Monte Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry

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Monte Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry

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Paul Cezanne

(1897?)1900 oil on canvas

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Paul Cezanne

1879-83

a break in traditional linear perspective in art

he wanted to capture a sense of timelessness and eternity in his art

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one of the first 5 holy cities created by God in Africa

Is the land of the gods

Related to the Garden of Eden in the Bible

Artifacts are mostly heads because head was believed to be the center of power

Authority is in the head

The head is an entity unto itself

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based on the myth of Akua who was a woman who couldn’t conceive, a diviner told her to carve and care for a wooden child as if it were her own.

She conceived a few months later

The figures were used by woman who had trouble conceiving

The figures are always female

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19th-20th century

carved in pairs

Refer to a mythic hero Ci Wara

Divine force thought to be half man and half antelope

Worn in pairs during a dance to show respect to Ci Wara

Male = sun

Female = earth

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used to guard important things

Like bones of a relative

Made these to represent graves of ancestors because the tribe was semi-nomadic

Not a portrait but idealized female or male

Shinning metal represents reflective water

Smallest amount of precious metal on a wooden support to create the Kota

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kept in brooklyn museum

A talisman used to ward off those who wanted to harm the contents of the box

Or those who could be harmed by the sacred contents

Used to guard sacred things like bones or beads

Fang guarded boxes of remains because they were nomadic or semi nomadic

Power and strength in figure

Made both male and female Fang figures

Used to educate about the ancestors

intentionally not naturalistic

Conceptual piece

About the idea of a guardian figure

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Kashmir Malevich

1918 oil on canvas

suprematism

Made one year after the October revolution

Utopian painting

Society history is very discredited so the optimism is lost

No naturalism

Remove culturally specific references for everyone to enjoy each painting the same

Spiritually based

Appealing to feeling

Representing an idea

How to represent 3D without renaissance

Tilt of inner square could be moving towards us

Possibly 4 dimensions because of the tilt

Stalin calls for art that rejects this art and goes for propaganda instead

Revolutions