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- Location: The Northern Forest is located in the northeastern United States, covering approximately 26 million acres (the largest continuous forest east of the Mississippi). It stretches from Maine through northern New Hampshire and Vermont, into the Adirondacks and Tug Hill Plateau of northern New York.

- Forest composition: The Northern Forest is made up of a mixture of hardwood and boreal forests, with hardwood forests found in the southern areas and boreal forests extending north into Canada.

- History: The Northern Forest has long been home to Native American communities, and European settlers later took advantage of the region's rich woodlands for harvesting timber and taking furs. Lumber and papermaking industries later tapped the rich forest resources, and currently, two million people live within the Northern Forest area.

- Economic importance: The Northern Forest is a globally important supplier of hardwood trees, and recreational opportunities in the region include canoeing, hunting, fishing, skiing, hiking, and wildlife watching.

- Wildlife: The Northern Forest is home to many wildlife species, including moose, black bear, pine marten, Canada lynx, peregrine falcon, and bald eagle. It is also part of an internationally important bird breeding area.

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Location: between the Southeastern coast and the Heartland

Major plains: rolling plains and hills covered by grassland and mixed forests

Climate: humid and subtropical with mild winters and hot, humid summers

The four major landform subregions: the Atlantic Coastal Plains, Piedmont, the Appalachian Mountains, and the North American Central Lowland.

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1.1. Position

A transition zone between the Southeastern coast and the Heartland

Including: Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia

1.2. Typography

Consisting of rolling plains and hills

=> Main economy: agriculture

1.3. Population:

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include: portions of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, North and South Carolina, and Virginia

70% of the population is white and 28% is African American

major urban center: Atlanta, Georgia

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1) More than 4/5 of the nations's largest businesses maintain branch offices in the metropolitan area

2) The city's reputation: An international business center

--> Often referred to as the "Deep South" or simply "the South

3) Cultural Influence: The Inland South has a profound cultural influence on American society, particularly in terms of music, literature, cuisine, and dialect. It's known for its contributions to various musical genres such as blues, jazz, country, and rock and roll

4) The Inland South is famous for its hospitality and manners, often characterized by the phrase "Southern hospitality.

5) Hometown of some famous people:

Elvis Presley (Tupelo, Mississippi) - The "King of Rock and Roll"

Harper Lee (Moulitzer Prize-winning novel "To Kill a Mockingbird,"

Dr.Martin Luther King, Jr

Morgan Freeman (Memphis, Tennessee) - An Academy Award-winning actor known for his roles in films such as "Driving Miss Daisy,...

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the western portion of the US interior plains is the Great Plains

stretch from Canada to Mexico

landscape: flat to gently sloping land, elevations of 1500 to 1800m in the west, sloping gradually to elevations of 500m in the east

geographical features dot the landscape: Hill County of Central Texas, Nebraska Sand Hills, Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming,...

weather: periodic droughts but water is extensive in many areas with rivers in Rocky Mountains, connecting with Mississippi drainage system or the Gulf of Mexico

economy: productive grains and livestock farms, extensive petroleum and coal deposits.

1990s: about 70% of population lived in scattered urban areas

largest city: Denver, Colorado

other urban centers: San Antonio (Texas), Tulsa (oklahoma), Wichita (Kansas)

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Great Lakes:

A natural resources of tremendous significance in North America

The focus of the industrial heartland of the continent.

Approximately 34 million people living in the United States and Canada live in the Great Lakes, 8% of the U.S. population

Hold about 20% of the world's freshwater surface.

Area: 244,100 sq km.

W->E five lakes are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

The proportion concentrated in five large cities of the U.S.: Chicago (Illinois), Milwaukee (Wisconsin), Detroit (Michigan), Cleveland (Ohio), and Buffalo (New York) -> These cities owe much of their wealth to commerce attached to the lakes.

Lake Superior:

Area of 82,100 sq km => the largest freshwater lake in the world.

Of the Great Lakes, Lake Superior is the highest above sea level, at 183m, the farthest north, and the coldest.

Lake elevations decrease to the south and east.

Lake Huron & Lake Michigan:

Lie at 176m

Separated by the Straits of Mackinac

Huron is larger (59600 sq km)

Michigan is deeper (85m) and contains more water

Both have numerous islands

The Detroit River:

Connects Lake Saint Clair with Lake Erie.

At its northeast end, Lake Erie empties into the Niagara River, which drops 99m as it flows to Lake Ontario

Lake Ontario: the smallest of the Great Lakes at 19010 square km, is the 14th largest lake in the world.

The Detroit River proved crucial for its industry's success, facilitating both transport and communication during its industrial boom.

One of the world's busiest waterways, the Detroit River embodies the city's positive international ties and a future filled with hope.

An iconic feature of Detroit, and the ongoing efforts to revitalize its shores and safeguard habitats for local wildlife promise a bright future.

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Mississippi River

largest and most important river in North America

longest river: Missouri River

Largest drainage system in North America and third largest in the world

Size and historical significance

Nicknames: "The Fathers of Waters", "The Gathering of Waters", "The Big Muddy" etc.

Played a central role in the exploration and economic development of the continent

In some areas, the main channel of the Mississippi reaches the width of nearly 1.6km

"The Major Artery" for the US

Runs through or borders 10 states in the US

Mark Twain's works touched on the river

"sold down the river" - slavery. (The phrase originates from the slave trade in the U.S., where enslaved Black people were sold to plantations in the South via the Mississippi or Ohio rivers.)

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Heartland → synonym for the Midwestern United States

It was only in the Middle West of the US before the Louisiana Purchase in 1803

→ Now, neither in the middle nor the west of the US

South of the northern forests → central lowland→ gently- rolling hills

Largest population & most economic output of any U.S. region

The most extensive area of highly productive farmland in the United States and the industrial core of the continent.

The Great Lakes and the Mississippi

The Great Lakes and the Mississippi serve as vital transportation links for the region.

Heartland is the largest productive agricultural region and the industrial nucleus of the US => Heartland contains the largest population in the nation

Population (2017): 96.7 million people

Population density varied dramatically:

rural areas: <4 persons per sq km

dominant metropolis: Chicago: > 4, 642 per sq km

Chicago is the third largest city in US (after New York and Los Angeles

Leading industrial, commercial, and transportation

Have the 110-story Willis Tower and several of the tallest building in the world