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Influenced by Surrealism
Art about emotion, myth, universal forces
Brought attention to the paint on the canvas (rather than hiding)
Brought NYC to the center of the art world

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Yayoi Kusama, A Dream I Dreamed, 2014

multiple rooms

immersion rooms

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Nam June Paik. Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S. 1995

where do we get our information

its from screens

all the screens are playing different things

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Judy Chicago. The Dinner Party. 1979

installation piece in the brooklynn museum

researched females in history who were overlooked

-hildegard bingham

-emily dickenson

-georgia okeefe

--->give them a place at the table

13--->the twelve and Jesus

use the mediums women have always been access to

->cloth, china painting

not all made by herself

919 names of women

she was a minimalist

she was cut out of the minimalist show--->inspired this

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Betye Saar, The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, 1972

an example of art using a derogatory symbol to make a commentary

mammy is harmful because she is happy to be a slave and cheerful to take care of her children---pancakes is what she is good for

the gun and grenade---->arms aunt jemima, she is done making pancakes

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Robert Smithson. Spiral Jetty, Great Salt Lake, Utah. 1970

maybe a reference to ancient art-->mound builders in ohio

ephemeral-->wasnt going to last forever

he wanted it to not last forever-->that is part of the message

he asked people not to maintain it

The earth is the canvas, interactive, out of the gallery therefore less elitist, not collectable

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Frank Stella. Empress of India. 1965

his canvases--> shapes

star if you have five

reserve lines --->acrylic

pinstripes,

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book says oil on canvas

Ellsworth Kelly. Red Blue Green. 1963

heroic scale-->eleven feet wide

hard edge abstraction

hand painted but hard to see --->acrylic

---->denying the emotion, it is what it is

kelly green!

left is fixed and the right has movement

its about color and movement

how colors interact, how figure relates to ground

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Andy Warhol. Campbell’s Soup Cans. 1961–64

He painted every flavor

it loooks like a restaurant shelf--->post war idea

this is what society looks like today

still life---> a familiar scene

this is his lunch

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Roy Lichtenstein. Drowning Girl. 1963

there just was a period of strong emotion --> abstract expressionism

Interested in mass production

they worked

like dada-->ready-made, common objects

elevating comic book art-->dots(bendey)

feels unemotional, we are removed from the emotion

raising a mirror to society

appropriating the comic art

reaction to elitist nature of abstract expressionism, a mass produced look--accessible, interest in mass media and pop culture

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Joseph Beuys, How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare, Nov. 26, 1965

improvisational theatre in an art gallery, talking to a dead

covered his face with honey and gold leaf

--->wanted to heal people after the war

art could speak to the soul and didnt need someone to explain it to you

art as life, unpredictable

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Yayoi Kusama, Infinity Mirrors, 2017

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Allan Kaprow, Yard, 1961

you can touch the art, interactive

not something a museum could buy

art as an experience, not a collectible

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Jasper Johns. Three Flags. 1958

erase feeling -->mundane

yet the american flag is big symbol

the flat flage is given dimensional

painterly-->you can see the brush stroke

hot wax paint-->encostic

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Robert Rauschenberg. Odalisk. 1955–58

no one goes to an academy-->they go to college

the pushback from the expressiveness of the abstract expressionists(not trying to change the world)(purposely mundane

combine--painting, sculpture, collage, found objects

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Louise Nevelson. Sky Cathedral—Moon Garden Plus One. 1957–60

continued the heroic scale of abstract expressionism

parts of this was recycled, they were all painted the same coloc

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oil and charcoal on canvas

Helen Frankenthaler. Mountains and Sea. 1952

post painterly--you dont see the artists hand

raw, unprimed canvas on the ground, oil on canvas(paint thinner)

she poured the paint on the canvas and tilted the canvas

stain painting

it feels like a landscape

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##Abstract Expressionism: Color Field Painting##

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##Abstract Expressionism: Color Field Painting##

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)(also known as Brown, Blue, Brown on Blue). 1953. Oil on canvas, 115 3 4 × 91¼″ (2.94 × 2.32 m).

Mark Rothko No. 61 (Rust and Blue), 1953

large paintings

create a whole landscape that the view was a part of

he wanted to evoke feeling

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Ife Portrait Heads, c. 14th-15th century, brass, 35 cm high, Ife, Africa

brass cast-- wax

calm and dignified

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Akua’ba, n.d., (Asante people) Ghana, wood

fertility aid

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Dorothea Lange. Migrant Mother, California. 1936

documented with photograph, the hardships of people migrating to california for work

the woman car broke down and husband went to find parts

lange saw her on the side of the world

it was printed in california and officials were aware of them and brought about social change

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oil and graphite on composition board,2′ 11 3 4 ″ × 2′6″ (91 × 76 cm).

Charles Demuth, My Egypt, 1927

Cubism but much more precise, clear representation

the term precisionism-->industry, line

symbol of bounty, it is a grain silo

my egypt--pyramids(peak of technology), hte grain silo is the peak of tech in america

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oil on canvas

Edward Hopper, Night Hawks, 1942

The isolationism in city life

viewer is separated from the scene by the glass, we are in the dark

their glances are averted, they all seem separate

feels like night cafe from vangogh

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oil on canvas

Pablo Picasso. Guernica. 1937

antiwar

he was in paris when he heard of citizens in guernica who were attacked by the NAzi's

made for a world fair

horse--innocence--slashed

bull--brutality

the dove is falling and black-->no peace

candelight and electric light

the grey and the hatching represent the newpaper

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oil on canvas

Frida Kahlo, The Two Fridas, 1939

diego was more famous than her in her time

she painted a lot of self portraits, she suffered much pain, multiple surgeries, bed ridden most of her life

frida on the right -->native dress

frida on left--european(her father was hungary jewish)

picture of diego rivera

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oil and tempera on masonite

Diego Rivera, Flower Carrier, 1935

seeking a national identity, wanted to depict people who werent influenced by foreign worlds

the woman is helping him, the native clothing, they fill the canvas-->monumental,heroic

simplified forms -->mayan and aztec art

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Jacob Lawrence

“In the North the Negro Had Better Educational Facilities,” from the Migration of the Negro

series, 1940-41

medium-->tempera on board--emphasize the flatness

black people escaping the south to the north

the girl is progressing, elevation through education, could be three separate people

jagged dress and hair==>striving, energy

depicting the relentless human spirit

training in comunity art center

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oil on beaverboard

Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930

His dentist and His dentist's daughter--models

represent the good, midwest, protestant, working people

they have to work hard and live simply

they look religious, the steeple in the back, their house looks like a church and has a ton of crosses

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oil on canvas

Stuart Davis, Hot Still-Scape for Six Colors - 7th Avenue Style. 1940.

cubist inspiration

completely non objective

the energy and sounds of NYC

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oil on canvas

Georgia O’Keeffe, Deer’s Skull with Pedernal, 1936

naturalistic but surreal in that

this was her background

tension of the near and far

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oil on fiberboard

Georgia O’Keeffe, Yellow Calla, 1926

newyorkers dont take time to look at flowers, blown up flower, you cant miss it

hard edge with soft transitions of light and shadow

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oil on canvas

Piet Mondrian. Composition (Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow). 1930

dutch

working in paris and was influenced by fauvism, cubism

it didnt come from nowhere--> it came from steps towards cubism and this was logical extension of exploration of many hours

Dutch movement; sought to create utopian environment through
geometric abstraction; sought universal order that would make nationalism obsolete;
also called International Style and Neo-Plasticism

he was interested in balance--->the yellow rectangle holds everything together

nationalism leads to war--->this style is international

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Henry Moore. Recumbent Figure. 1938

inspired by a chac mool, the rounded and square detailes

rolling hills of yorkshire, women of willendorf

carved in ston and not carefully polished, look of timelessness

evokes the feeling of motherhood, not a specific mother

he became very wealthy because he had many public works, he set up an art foundation for young arts in england

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Alexander Calder. Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. 1939

wire, stainless steel

a mobile, it moves like a wind chime

kinetic sculpture to suggest growth and cosmic energy

basic colors--the basic building blocks of life

he is the inventor\

a lobster trap is to fool the lobster

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Meret Oppenheim. Object (Luncheon in Fur). 1936

it feels offputing and disgusting

she had the idea in a cafe and her tea went cold, picasso said that you could cover anything to her at lunch

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Man Ray. The Gift. 1921 (1958 replica)

gift to composer erik satie

violence

psychologic journey, no narrative but incited unconscious association--sex, violence

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oil on canvas

Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory. 1931

small

naturalistic space, costal spain

dreamscape with multiple objects=>desires, fears

irrational --melting clocks, ants eating metal, tree is growing out of box, the water is still, the cloth

memory is irrational,

the flaccid watches--- the inevitable deterioration and death that goes with the passage of time

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René Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1928-29

oil on canvas

it isnt a pipe because its a painting

looks like a catalogue, or a flashcard for kids-->instructive, educational

do you believe what you see or what you read

rejection of a the representation

pipe==is not a pipe but a word

it is naturalistic,

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Joan Miró. Composition. 1933, oil

he was a starving artist

he thought he was hallucinating-->so he painted what he saw

spanish artist who spent time in paris

reminscient of klee

abstractions of biomorphic and geometric forms set against a color field that suggested landscape or watery environment-->hazelike atmosphere of washes

abstracted figures with faces-->struggle, fear, sex

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1930’s; element of chance (like Dada); randomness related to dream states;
juxtaposition of unrelated objects; exploration of the subconscious mind; dream images;
stream of consciousness

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WWI--->machinery, trenchwarfare

literary movement-->poetry with random words and sounds
Reaction against World War I; focus on absurdity, element of chance
(Enlightenment values of logic and reason only lead to war); challenged status quo in art,
culture, etc.

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Käthe Kollwitz. Never Again War! 1924

her son and grandson was killed in war, hoch also lost her son to war

she wasnt accepted in the german academy-->hated the elitist nature of paint

lithograph prints->accessible to all

Her husband was a doctor who treated poor people

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Hannah Höch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic,
1919

photomontage

look at what weve used machines for

nonsense

reference to manipulated portraits for german soldiers

a commentary on the chaotic social and political tension

the camera was a part of teh technological advances that led to war

she killed the machine with her kitchen knife, the images together humanize the mechanical

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Raoul Hausmann. Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age). ca. 1920

leader of berlin dada

bringing the absurd into art

the head was already made

measuring thing

precision has lead to war and oppression

chance with stuff glued to their skull, empty head, they arent thinking for themselves, they are molded by external forces making each machinelike with no identity

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Hans Arp, Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17

rips up paper and then throws them to the ground and realizes it is what he wanted to portray

chance-->can show what we want

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oil on canvas

Kazimir Malevich, White on White, 1918

He wanted this to be art for the people and didnt need education to understand it

hopeful for peace, utopia, infinity, pure form, non-objective

a revolution was going on

one year after october revolution

believed that art would help pave the way for a better future---> ambition and sincerity

pure geometry-->appeal to feeling, universal -free from culturally specific references, scientific rigor that was spiritual

tilt--2d,3d

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oil on canvas

Kazimir Malevich. Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying. 1915 (dated 1914)

heightened nationalism

more of trying to convey a feeling, the sensation of mechanical flight, the essence of flight

black square--->pure creation of art, letting go of past rules

he thought russians were stuck in the past

the shapes are sharp but there is a sense of wavering bounderies-->show the artist's hand

white ground--> infinity, a connection with the universe

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Giorgio de Chirico. Mystery and Melancholy of a Street. 1914

oil on canvas

he idolized the classical past

strange perspective, unmatching yet strong diagonals--->cubism

ominous and unsettling--the shadow

metaphysical painting---revealing the reality underlying appearance

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Marc Chagall. I and the Village. 1911

oil on canvas

inspired fauvism--colors

inspiredc cubism - geometric shapes

he remained very representational

based off his own life experiences

something very personal to him, his hometown

man and animal are equated

circles-->cycle of life--->lifed and death(the bush and the scithe)

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Marcel Duchamp. Bicycle Wheel, 1913

smart and funny person who loved to challenge ideas of art and its purpose

assisted readymades-->putting two objects together

art is about ideas and concepts and not just about manual skill

art isnt about technical skill and craft, ccontext--meaning

some say it represents a bust but its really up to teh viewer

he really wanted us to see the out context nature of each component rather than the finished product

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Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912

oil on canvas

Influence of cubism on modern art

dynamic--->like futurism, different frames of time

his was very unique

seems robotic, shatters all past nude conventions

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Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

fluid, flowing

OG was made out of plaster---they were against stuff in museums but this was put in one

looks like nike--->you cannot shed the influence of the past

the fusing of object and space, shows the displacement of the space around the figure

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Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

oil on canvas

motion pics--1878--muybridge

tried to capture modernity

dynamic and energetic

rejection classic italian culture

looking to machine and tech

they show more than one time at the same time like the cubists showed more than one point of view on the same plane

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Paul Klee, Twittering Machine, 1922, water color, ink, and gouache on paper

birdlike dolls, mechanical object, like a cuckoo clock but has no function

viewer feels invited to turn the handle, an invitation to have fun

playfullness, fun

the different shapes represent different sounds in the bird beaks

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Paul Klee. The Niesen. 1915

water color and pencil on paper

he was a musician

he traveled to tunisia and marveled at the color, the bright light there

wanted a childlike quality, a sense of wonder, joy, magic, spirituality

star of david, halfmoon--islam, petraglyphs-->religious symbols

full of color, color is more abstracted here like mattisse or kandinsky

like a stain glass window, the white of the paper peaks through the water color

the niesen is a mountain in switzerland--sharp and eternal

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Vasily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28 (second version), 1912
oil on canvas

Musical composer title
Composing with form
Rooted in bible and history but uses a more
Hear color and see music—->synesthesia
Take you places without representing something concrete like music
Inspired by Arnold Schoenberg —>atonal
Not abstract because there are forms from natural world, horses.flood(lower left).mountains/Church

brilliant color and strong black lines that cross(maybe war weapons)

the lines and color dont really represent but are to create a sense of rhythm

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Berlin, 1913

oil on canvas

Berlin
Antinaturalistic color, spilling perspective
Focus on psychological experience
Prostitutes in middle—>embody glamour and alienation but capitalism

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Dresden. 1908

oil on canvas

The bridge German expressionism
Nietzche—->deconstructing morality
The bridge from civilization to superhuman, individual self actualization, discovery the new art forms

Street Dresden
Urban isolation—-neon—city lights
He uses people not architecture to define the space
From left to right receding people backwards

clausterphobic

greens,reds-->misery,lonlinesss

permission fauvism for free color

everything is for sale-->lack of humanity

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Pablo Picasso. Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass. 1912 (Synthetic Cubism)

colleges-->assembly of pieces

le jou--to play

whats real and whats abstract

the hole is on top-->actual positive and not negative

the violin-->analyzing art and formal characteristics

he wanted to complicate notions of the real and the illusionistic

pasting an image on canvas

shattering the concep of the picture plane as an illusionistic world

everyone tried cubism

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oil on canvs
Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon). 1907 (Pre-Cubism)

big and in your face

young ladies -->street in barcelona-->brothel

radical break from chiaroscuro, linperspect, naturalism

confronts sexuality, female nude-->not easy on eyes

the men are taken out-->medical student(caries a skullmementomori) looking at the body analytically, sailor(a partaker of the --->tension between the

the gaze is not on the missing men but towards the viewer

african masks, sculptures

lack of depth, the shading is there but matches the background

raw and controversial

a release of line and shape(fauvism releases color)

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Henri Matisse. The Red Studio. 1911

conventional subject the artist's studio but the art is not there

reserve line

not following traditional space depiction

everything is red---warm cheerful relaxing

cezanne playing with space

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Headdress: Male Antelope (Ci Wara), 19th–20th century Mali, Bamako region

represent union of man and women

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Reliquary guardian figure (mbulu ngulu), Gabon, Kota (or Bakota), Gabon, c. 1920

slash and burn farming--->on the move-->couldnt take graves with them

it idealized representation

this one has two faces--flat head and large

these would be in in baskets

kota is not made by kota people

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Reliquary Guardian Figure (Eyema-o-Byeri), Gabon, Fang peoples, 18th-19th century

guarded a reliquary(container for relics)

talisman-->warning

usually the bones of important ancestors

brought out for coming of age ceremonies

not naturalistic-->purpose was to represent ideas of spirituality

honor, respect, strength

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Constantin Brancusi. Bird in Space. 1928 (unique cast)

streamline, aerodynamic

lookslike a feather

wingspan, motion

the pinched section maybe where legs meet body but the sculpture more so represents the spirit of flight--->wanted to reveal the real sense of things

He had a handful of motifs that he repeated in different mediums(explored both visual and psycho effects of medium)

he designed the base(cylinder stone and hourglass wood) of this one(meticulous control)

He wanted to control the height-->newborn was lower so viewer would look down on it, bird in space was high like a bird flying

not the first bird--maiastra who was based on romania legend of a magical golden bird whose song had miraculous power

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Breaking rules
Looking for new inspiration: African Art, Cycladic Art, Folk Art, children’s art, stained glass

Primitivism—the belief that, lacking the corrupting influence of European civilization, non-western peoples were more in tune with the primal elements of nature.

simplicity-->Brancusi-->focus on essence, the idea

--->--->--->the newborn, the muse, bird in space

Fauvism: removing the naturalistic description function from color, new artistic style in the 20th century, bright and jovial as opposed to the dark of the symbolists, les fauves--wild beasts, died in 1910ish, color

-->emotion, not true to reality

Analytic Cubism: deconstructing space; showing more than one viewpoint at the same time;
influence of Cezanne
Synthetic Cubism: building up images; use of collage; “real” vs. illusion
German Expressionism: Die Brücke: dissatisfaction with industrial modern life; looking to
German past with woodblock prints
German Expressionism: Der Blaue Reiter: looking for spirituality and “universal truths;”
Abstract art vs. non-objective art, non-narrative art, non-representational art
Italian Futurism: sought to reject the past and bring Italy into the future; interest in new
technology, speed, and movement
Russian Suprematism: “supremacy of feeling;” pro-Russian revolution; wanted to create a new
vocabulary and language of art removed from the elitist past

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(1890-1900): Mostly architecture and decorative arts; characterized by
abstract organic forms(plant forms but very stylized); influenced by William Morris’s Arts and Crafts Movement, it was an outgrowth of this movement

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Emphasized world of dreams, moods, fears, and desires over the everyday, contemporary world;

dissatisfaction with modernity

not from the concrete world, feelings, dreams

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Alphonse Mucha, Dreaming (Reverie), lithograph, 1897

advertisement for champaign

floral pattern

strong outlines

medieval hypernosaxon lacing manuscripts

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Victor Horta. Interior stairwell of the Tassel House, Brussels. 1892–93

every piece of the architecture and design fits together, lots of curvy lines and suggestion of plant life

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Auguste Rodin. The Burghers of Calais. 1884-89

the surface texture was more loose like an impressionism painting

right across the english chanel

true story from 1300s in Calais

england had laid seige on Calais and the english demanded the elders of the city for the freedom of the rest, they end up not dying but they definitely believed they would

they dont look heroic, they are low to the ground

each are isolated

he wanted to think of how each person would genuinely react(psychology)

the body shows the mind

admired michelangelo

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Henry Ossawa Tanner. Angels Appearing before the Shepherds. ca. 1910

the cropped angel-->japanese prints

the viewer is among the angels in the sky

african american--->went to paris, inspired by impressionism, he faced less prejudice in france

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Gustav Klimt. The Kiss. 1907–08

Austrian

the Vienna succession group-->leaving behind the academy

byzantine art-->gold

japanese woodcut prints

greek, minoan-->swirling

their is a sense of unity, eternal unity-->the plants grow around them

curves--her, blocks--him

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Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897

oil on canvas

self-taught

valuing the simple(primitive of other cultures)

looks childlike and simplistic

we dont see the lion's mouth

sense of harmony

striped dress

very flat

texture in the lions mane

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Odilon Redon. The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity, 1878

wanted to invoke a mysterious feeling you get from Edgar Allen Poe's literature

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Vincent van Gogh. Starry Night. 1889

emphasizes the inner state of mind rather than physical reality

the movement in the sky and continues in the village below

It is a nice color

the cypress tree mimics the steeple in the back--->eternal life

he painted in an asylum-->painting from his imagination but also he was trying to capture the night sky he saw there

everything is in harmony, the church and nature both point to heaven and eternity

cypress were seen as steeples

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Vincent van Gogh. Night Café. 1888

dutch

potato eaters 1885-->interest in painting peasants-->the honest people of the earth

tried many professions -> art dealer, bookseller, teacher, missionary

Teo, his brother, became a successful art dealer and Vincent would send him things to sell

Teo would critique his works and help him to be better

vincent visited his brother and saw lighter things

during his lifetime he sold only one painting

he wanted to start a group so he rented house in the south of france

Gaugin came with him only

he painted sunflowers to welcome gauguin

######the real one#########

Its too late

the lighting is really garish

very tipped perspective-->tables feel like they will slide towards us

used paint to show feeling and emotion-->isolation, strangeness, reds and greens

thick strokes

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. La Goulue. 1891

valentin the boneless, and louise veibor--invented cancan

an advertisement

this is so immodest

the man is like the tree in japanese prints

he shows her as he sees her, true to the subject

nothing is idealized

there is a rhythmic sense -->the title, the floor, the silhouettes in the background, the color yellow(the lights)

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William Morris (Morris & Co.). Green Dining Room (William Morris Room). 1867

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Utagawa Hiroshige. Plum Estate, Kameido, from the series 100 Famous Views of Edo. 1857

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge, 1892

japonisme-->flattened space, cropped weirdly

true to color-->gas powered electric lights

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casual outdoor activities for the leisure class

classical calm not developed through religion-->maybe science

avoid black shadows

Georges Seurat. A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. 1884–86

died at age 31

small number of monumental paintings

pointilism-->doing little dots

divisionism-->dividing color

neo-impressionism

strong sense of shape eventhough there are no lines

impressionism influence

playing with light in shadow

he's been outdoors

he plays with brush stroke

mix of social classes

celebrating leisure in paris

classical-->profiles, frontfacing view, not a fleetingmoment-frozenintime

seems very controlled and not loose

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry. ca. 1900

makes it clear that its paint

he flattens of space

exploring new things

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire. ca. 1885–87

lots of color, loosebrush, painting outside

the leaves on the trees could be the sky because they have the same structural quality as the clouds

what is structural, what is flat

the mountain has a really strong outline-->goes against impressionism, goes against atmospheric perspective

the great wave--->looks similar_->the mountain is overtaken by the tree, -->a play between what is near and whats far

the plane feels flat

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Paul Cézanne. Still Life with Apples in a Bowl. 1879–83

seems pretty ordinary

loosebrushwork-->brushes seem structural

the tilt of the table feels very exagerates

the brushwork on the cloth depict structure yet the wallpaper which is supposed to be flat has similar strokes.

the bowl->we are looking from above but as our eyes go down the bowl, the bowl looks like its from the side

----->more than 1 point of view

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They wanted to escape and cure the modern world rather than celebrate it like the impressionists

with the rise of photography

-->why make things look realistic when we have a tool for that

vangogh--dutch, tried many careers and was unsuccessful, longed for a universal harmony, didn't get along with people

seurat--wanted to employ scientific findings in art-->color theory, wanted his work to have a classical feeling, he caused a stir at the impressionist

toulouse-lautrec --> nightlife,seedier cafes, genetic disorder, born to a wealthy family

Gaughin -- went to tahiti, stockbroker--collected impressionist art

cezanne--interested in showing diff points of view(the cookie), he got one single painting in the salon, father of modern art

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They wanted to escape and cure the modern world rather than celebrate it

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The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake

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The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake

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John Singer Sargent, Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, 1885-86

he was staying with a friend after taking the hit to his reputation

like we look from above

he painted outside much like monet

the smaller flowers at the bottom of the painting --> Japanese print influence

aesthetic-->the repetition of lights and darks--> musical

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The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake

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The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake

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John Singer Sargent, Madame X, 1897(1884--the reall)

displayed in the salon

originally had one strap off her shoulder

a full body portrait-->uncommon

glamorous, scandalous

hair style,profile, huntress diana iconography, marblelike-->ancient greece

it was a blow to his reputation

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The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake

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The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake

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James Abbot McNeill Whistler. Nocturne in Black and Gold: ca. 1875

music composition -->nocturne(at night)

inspired by fireworks he saw

loosebrush

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The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake

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The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake

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Art that focused on (formal elements) of art rather than story-telling or symbols

sounds-->music, paint-->color

Whistler compared art to music, which depends on harmony and form rather than subject
matter

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Reaction to Industrial Revolution and mass production of items with poor quality

William Morris started a company that made items for homes emphasizing craftsmanship and
truth to materials(he thought it would create a sense of spirituality)

Nature was an important inspiration

also an interest in medieval, symmetrical

birds, flowers, rabbits

John Ruskin-->supported the PRB and Morris Co.

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William Holman Hunt. The Awakening Conscience. 1853

she is entrappped by her lover, everything is new and bought for her yet they arent married

symbols -->cat catching the bird, the glove-->her-->she can be discarded

he plays her a nostalgic song for her and she realizes her past and that she can return to innocence and purity

there is a lot of strong colors

industrialization--->women had to resort to prostitution in the city, repentance-->remembering where her life should go and that she can return to that

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Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (England)
Secret society started by 3 students at the London Royal Academy: William Holman Hunt, John
Everett Millais, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Wanted to reform ills(bring back spirituality) of the Industrial Revolution through spirituality and art
Looked to Early Renaissance and Gothic art (art before Raphael) as pure, genuine art
Wanted to depict “truth” by close observation of nature and details
Work is characterized by rich(jewel tones), pure color on a white background; also included symbolism(van eyck)
Looked to literature for subject matter, especially Shakespeare, the Bible, and Arthurian
legends

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Interest in capturing:
everyday subjects
on-the-spot outdoor scenes
fleeting moments, impermanence
atmosphere, light, colored shadow
modern urban life, leisure activities

upper middle class/nouveau riche
times of day/year
look of ukiyo-e (Japanese prints)

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Mary Cassatt, In the Loge, 1878

the private boxes at opera-->one of the places she could be

loose brushwork--> figures in the background are just a couple of brushstrokes

sweeping diagonal-->japanese prints

sandwhich by viewer and other person's gaze

she has the power of looking herself

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Mary Cassatt. The Child’s Bath. 1891–92

it feels more tight in brushstroke

flat--pattern on pattern

unique angle-->their heads are tilted down

the mother assures the scared daughter,

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Berthe Morisot. Summer’s Day, ca. 1879

loosebrushstokes-->one of the most loosest

en plein air -->painted outside

cropped, the diagonal, flat = japanese prints

focus on light--->capturing colors

everyday life--->the bourgeois leisure

caught moment in time

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Berthe Morisot. Cradle, 1872