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Fluency is a challenging step in reading instruction for students with dyslexia. When students are extremely focused on errorless word reading, their fluency is often chunky and comprehension is an afterthought. This is not their fault, we trained them to prioritize accuracy! At its base, students with dyslexia struggle with phonemes and phonological awareness because it is abstract. They cannot necessarily see and feel phonemes so it is a teacher's job to incorporate multi-sensory structure learning into their curriculum. If these struggles are not addressed, the phonemes do not translate into words and fluent reading is a struggle.

Phrasing is a useful strategy for modeling and practicing how reading SHOULD sound. After teacher modeling, students recite the alphabet in two, three or four letter phrases with pauses. This strategy can later be practiced during a repeated read or decodable text. Student self-assessment may also encourage errorless practice of fluent, accurate reading.

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Phonics and Decoding as a M.S.L.E. Strategy

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Phonics and Decoding as a M.S.L.E. Strategy

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Phonics is matching sounds and letters! Students must master phonology then blending sounds into words. This may be challenging for students with dyslexia because they have difficulty with decoding speed. This has a negative effect on fluency later.

The "Cup Strategy" detailed above is a useful strategy to engage students in decoding practice through M.S.L.E. means. A teacher uses manipulatives including two cups placed inside of each other. Each ring of the cups has different phonemes and consonant blends that can be manipulated to make new real or nonsense words. The learner turns the cups to display new words and sound out those words. This strategy uses visuals, kinesthetics and verbal blending of sounds to form words.

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What is phonology? The study of sounds! Phonemes are the smallest unit of sound in any given language. This may be difficult for students to understand because sounds are abstract. Phoneme blending is when multiple sounds are put together to form words.

Instruction is effect if it involves visuals, verbal cues and kinesthetic activities to model and practice phonemes. The video demonstrates an effective multi-sensory language structure activity that is successful in practicing phonology and blending.

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Phonemic Awareness Instructional Video for Middle School Students

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What is dyslexia? - Kelli Sandman-Hurley

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What are Multi-Sensory Structure Language Techniques?

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What are Multi-Sensory Structure Language Techniques?