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James Cook claims possession of the whole east coast of Australia

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The First Fleet lands in Port Jackson – British settlement in Australia begins. Clashes between Aboriginal people and the settlers are reported over the next 10 years in the Parramatta and Hawkesbury areas.

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Tasmanian Aboriginal people are resettled (1830)

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Tasmanian Aboriginal people are resettled (1830)

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Aborigines Protection Act Victoria (1869)

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Aborigines Protection Act Victoria (1869)

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The Aborigines Protection Act (Vic) establishes an Aborigines Protection Board in Victoria to manage the interests of Aborigines. The Governor can order the removal of any child from their family to a reformatory or industrial school.

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Aboriginal Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act (1897)

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Aboriginal Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act (1897)

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The Constitution states that Aboriginal People will not be counted in the census, and that the Commonwealth has the power to make laws relating to any race of people In Australia with the exception of Aborigines.

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Under this law, the Chief Protector is made the legal guardian of every Aboriginal and 'half-caste' child under 16 years old. In the following years, other states and territories enact similar laws.

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The Northern Territory Aboriginals Ordinance gives the Chief Protector to assume `the care, custody or control of any Aboriginal or half caste if in his opinion it is necessary or desirable in the interests of the Aboriginal or half caste for him to do so'.

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The Aborigines Protection Amending Act (1915)

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The Aborigines Protection Amending Act (1915)

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This act gives power to the Aboriginal Protection Board to separate Indigenous children from their families without having to establish in court that they were neglected.

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AO Neville was a public servant in the early 20th century who helped shape government policy of absorption towards Aboriginal populations in WA and ultimately to all of Australia. He held a firm belief in eugenics and was appointed Chief Protector of Aborigines from 1915 to 1936.

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he is raised in the Moore river settlement

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The Moore River Native Settlement, 135 kms north of Perth, was originally set-up by the State Government in 1918 under the control of AO Neville, the Chief Protector of Aborigines in WA at the  time. It was to be a farming camp for Aboriginal people, but the land was unsuitable for crops. Over the next few years it became a site housing Indigenous Australians – mostly children, whom we now refer to as part of the Stolen Generations.

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"The destiny of the natives of aboriginal origin, but not of the full blood, lies in ultimate absorption … with a view to their taking their place in the white community on an equal footing with the whites."

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It was the first national gathering of Indigenous people protesting against the prejudice and discrimination that was a daily part of their lives, and marked the beginning of the modern Aboriginal political movement.

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Aborigines Protection Board loses its power (1940)

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Aborigines Protection Board loses its power (1940)

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The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1951)

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The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1951)

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A national referendum is held to amend the Constitution. Australians confer power on the Commonwealth to make laws for Aboriginal people. Aborigines are included in the census for the first time.

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during this time he becomes a aboriginal activist

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he becomes the first chairman of the aboriginal trust in western Australia

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The Commonwealth Government passes the Racial Discrimination Act (1975)

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The Commonwealth Government passes the Racial Discrimination Act (1975)

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The Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths (1980-1989)

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The Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths (1980-1989)

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The Royal Commission examined the deaths of 99 people who had died in custody between 1 January 1980 and 31 May 1989. It looked into both the causes of the deaths and the prevention of future deaths and tried to answer the question: Why are so many Indigenous people in custody?

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The High Court of Australia hands down its landmark decision in Mabo v Queensland. It decides that native title exists over particular kinds of lands – unalienated Crown Lands, national parks and reserves – and that Australia was never terra nullius or empty land.

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On 26 October 2017 Prime Minister Turnbull issued a joint statement with the Attorney-General, George Brandis, and the Indigenous Affairs Minister, Nigel Scullion, rejecting the statement. They feared that referendum-based changes to the Constitution would only perpetuate the UK Crown's domination of Aboriginal people and void Aboriginal sovereignty which they never ceded.

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The prime minister, Anthony Albanese, says the Australian people should be asked a “simple and clear” yes or no referendum question