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Constructivism established that students learn best when engaged in learning experiences rather than passively receiving information. Mr. Keating establishes this by allowing student to rip out the pages of the introduction to poetry and for them to make their own inferences about poetry.

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Changing the environment by beautifying it

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This class had lack of resources and had no appeal. It had merely a green board and chalk, unlike the Distinguished Scholars Honors Class which was resourced with computers, television, whiteboard, proper desks and chairs and was clean.

Ms. Gruwell moved the seats, tidied the class, added some flowers and introduced music in her lessons. She re-arranged the desks, put posters on the wall and fixed the blinds. This is an implementation of the Behaviorist philosophy as it is creating a stimulating environment to increase engagement.

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Stand on the line game. Makes the content relatable to the learners experience to increase participation

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Ms. Gruwell understood that the learners are coming from a background where gangsterism, crime and death were at the center of the learners' lives. She made the content suitable and relatable for the learners. She followed the method of Curriculum Differentiation where she bought books that were not prescribed curriculum of the school which would stimulate the learners to read, as they were reading a novel they could relate to.

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This classroom has seen major transformation as it has transitioned from racial segregation to racial interactions with a sense of community and family to the learners.

It has now become a place of hope, a place of care and has become a safe haven where learners want to be and they enjoy being there.

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Ms. Gruwell's philosophy was to change the learners' environment in order for the learner to change inwardly or change their attitude towards their education. This philosophy is called Behaviorism.

Behaviorism is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, and conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our actions are shaped by environmental stimuli.

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Not only does Mr. Keating want the learners to not be indoctrinated, but he also wants them to be critical thinkers ad creators of their own content. We see this when he urges the learners to write their own poetry. This is Bloom's highest cognitive level of creating. Knowledge cannot be directly imparted to students, the goal of teaching is to provide experiences that facilitate the construction of knowledge.

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Mr. Keating is breaking down the traditional norms of the school of indoctrination by teaching outside the confines of classroom.

He is a non-traditionalist, as we see him encouraging the boys to be free thinkers as he urges them to tear the pages of the introduction to Poetry and teaching the boys to question the content taught. The philosophy or theory he applies is the Constructivism theory that says learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information

In this patriarchal and rigid environment, he brings about humor when he impersonates characters of Shakespeare and standing on the desk and allows the boys to take turns standing on top of his desk.