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References:

Baker, J. & Emerson, L. (2014). Reciprocal teaching: Seeing is believing. https://education.wm.edu/centers/ttac/resources/articles/teachtechnique/reciprocalteaching/index.php

Cornell University, (2023). Center for teaching innovation. https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/active-collaborative-learning/active-learning

Galkowska, (2022). Power of digital citizenship- the buzzing trend. https://www.findmyprogramme.com/blog/power-of-digital-citizenship-the-buzzing-trend

GCU, (2020). How do online classes work? https://www.gcu.edu/blog/gcu-experience/how-do-online-classes-work

GCU, (2023). What is game-based learning? https://www.gcu.edu/blog/teaching-school-administration/what-game-based-learning

GCU, (2019). 3 Steps to implement project-based learning. https://www.gcu.edu/blog/teaching-school-administration/3-steps-implement-project-based-learning

GCU, (2019). 4 ways to personalized learning in your classroom. https://www.gcu.edu/blog/teaching-school-administration/4-ways-include-personalized-learning-your-classroom

GCU, (2023). What is STEAM education? https://www.gcu.edu/blog/teaching-school-administration/what-steam-education

Kurt, S. (2021). Adaptive learning: what is it, what are its benefits and how does it work? https://educationaltechnology.net/adaptive-learning-what-is-it-what-are-its-benefits-and-how-does-it-work/

Morin, A. (n.d). Brain breaks: an evidence-based behavior strategy. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/evidence-based-behavior-strategy-brain-breaks

Mcleod, S. (2023). Jerome Bruner’s Constructivist theory of learning and cognitive development. https://www.simplypsychology.org/bruner.html#:~:text=Bruner%20believed%20that%20the%20most,known%20as%20a%20constructivist%20approach).

Main, P. (n.d). Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development. https://www.structural-learning.com/post/jean-piagets-theory-of-cognitive-development-and-active-classrooms#:~:text=The%20Theory%20of%20Cognitive%20Development,world%20(Miller%2C%202011).

Patzer, R. (2023). Coaching for teachers: What school leaders need to consider. https://blog.irisconnect.com/uk/coaching-for-teachers#:~:text=Peer%20coaching%20is%20when%20teachers,reflection%20and%20collaboration%20without%20evaluation.

Takala, M. (2006). The effects of reciprocal teaching on reading comprehension in mainstream and special education. The Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 50(5), 559-576.

WGU, (2023). What is the behavioral learning theory? https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-behavioral-learning-theory2005.html#close

WCU, (2020). What is constructivism? https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-constructivism2005.html

WGU, (2021). Connectivism theory. https://www.wgu.edu/blog/connectivism-learning-theory2105.html

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Connective implies that students integrate concepts, theories, and background information successfully. It recognizes that staying connected always enables us to make decisions about our learning and that technology plays a vital part in the learning process. Additionally, it promotes group interaction and discussion, enabling a variety of viewpoints and perspectives when it comes to choosing an approach, resolving issues, and comprehending data. Connectivism supports learning in settings other than one-on-one interactions, such as social media, online forums, blogs, or information repositories (WGU, 2021).

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According to constructivism, people actively create their own knowledge, and learning experiences alter reality. Students use the new material as a foundation to build on their past knowledge (WCU, 2020). In a constructivist classroom, teachers use collaborative and interactive activities, small group work, and open discussions about what students need to succeed (WGCU, 2020).

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The behavioral learning theory, sometimes known as behaviorism, focuses on how kids learn. Behaviorism's central tenet states that all actions are acquired through interactions with the environment. According to this learning theory, contextual influences have a much greater impact on behavior than inherent or inherited traits (WGU, 2023).

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Models/ Frameworks
Model- Replicable teaching teaches students how to steer group debates using four strategies: predicting, clarifying, questioning, and summarizing (Takala, 2006). Using this approach, teachers can actively scaffold learning and assist students in developing more metacognitive reading and learning habits. It also encourages pupils to become more critical, strategic, and active readers (Baker, J. & Emerson, L. 2014).
Frameworks-Peer coaching promotes a culture of learning, experimentation, and collegiality while assisting teachers in implementing new skills in their classrooms (IRIS, 2023).

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Cognitivism's Learning Theory focuses on how a person's mind takes in, arranges, stores, and retrieves information. According to the cognitive hypothesis, the human mind operates similarly to a computer or information processor (Main, P., n.d).

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Strategies-

The behavioral learning theory values reviews. If you go over the material once more and encourage the students, they will learn it much more quickly.

Word of encouragement is another strategy. In behaviorist classrooms, positive reinforcement is a prevalent technique. This might come through vocal praise and encouragement, reward systems, elevated privileges, etc. (WCU, 2023).

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Models/ Frameworks (50-70 words)

Model –The constructivism theory uses active learning as its model. As a result, learning becomes a very active process in which students constantly work on tasks, identify patterns, or solve puzzles. This requires them to constantly exercise their pre-existing schemata by rearranging and revising them to meet the task's demands (McLeod, S., 2023).

Frameworks- Peer Coaching – Shulman

Peer Coaching would be an excellent example. Instead of instructing students to memorize facts, a teacher's job should be to promote their learning. This means that a skilled teacher will create lessons that assist pupils in understanding the connections between different pieces of knowledge (McLeod S., 2023).

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Models/ Frameworks —

Models- Learning Circle Model - Riel and Polin

A group examines a particular topic or issue as part of the Learning Circle collaborative learning model (WGU, 2021). The goal of all connectivist learning is accurate, current knowledge.
Frameworks- Creative Problem-Solving Framework (CPS) – Osborn and Parnes

Making decisions is a learning process. What we currently know today might not be accurate tomorrow.

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Activities-

An activity you could do is a question and response. To help pupils, teachers can utilize questions that gradually get harder as a stimulus and an answer as a reaction. With Kahoot, this is possible! Another activity is the reciprocal cube- In small groups, the students take turns rolling the cube and exhibiting the abilities shown on it (Baker, J. & Emerson, L. 2014).

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Models/ Frameworks

Model- (Active Learning) Steven A. Barnes divides active learning into four stages: participating in a concrete experience, reflecting on the experience to help students connect it to their own lives, conceptualizing to identify important concepts and ideas, and applying to new situations to help ideas transfer to the real world (Cornell University, 2023).

Frameworks- Universal Design for Learning (UDL)- Rose

With UDL, students can understand and interpret information as well as learn and remember facts. This framework also enables the application of knowledge and comprehension in brand-new situations. Dividing complex ideas or knowledge into simpler parts. Lastly, to put the knowledge obtained to use in a variety of ways.

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Strategies-

Brainstorming and learning menus are two strategies that can use in constructivism theory.  In the brainstorming strategy, the teacher can provide the information and allow students to organize their thoughts without being answered. This type of activity will aid their understanding of the learning process.

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Strategies-

Ask Three, Then Me: With this method, students can work together and exchange knowledge as needed. The use of activities to interest kids can help. This tactic instills in students a sense of common purpose that can boost spirits and motivate them (Cornell University, 2023).

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Strategies-

Brainstorming is a strategy that can be used in connective theory.  Brainstorming can be used to speed up the process of creating connections and knowledge networks. Brainstorming can help students build knowledge networks by tying concepts and ideas together.

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Activities-

Pairing students in small groups and have them work on a graphic organizer, Venn diagram, and KWL chart. Have students complete the part they already know. Then, have students watch a video to add additional information.  Another activity could be allowing students to screen-share in the breakout room to help fellow classmates better understand the work.

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Activities-

Students can collaborate on a group project, such as a S.T.E.A.M activity, where they must offer an explanation for something or find a solution to a problem. The activity will motivate students to engage in the learning process.

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Activities-

One activity is to add work to online platforms, which will help to create a connective classroom.

Another activity would be to make learning more participatory; gamification transforms assignments and activities into competitive games (WGU, 2021).

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TRENDS
Game-based learning is fun to engage students in academic learning (GCU, 2023). Game-based learning can be implemented in the classroom to increase student interest and participation. Students will learn more about the subjects if instructional gaming is used in the classroom since they are more motivated.  Examples of game-based learning are Quizlet, BrainPOP, and Kahoot!

Brain breaks are short, deliberate breaks that include exercise (dancing, stretching), mindfulness practice, deep breaking, or sensory stimulation (Morin, A., n.d).  Brain breaks can be based on a student's needs at any particular time.

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TRENDS
PBL (Problem-Based Learning) helps students enhance their capacity for critical thought and comprehension of subject matter. This strategy is used over a long period of time. Students can work together on projects during this time (GCU, 2019).

Personalized learning: With the teacher acting as a facilitator, students choose the curriculum based on their needs and interests. Based on student performance, the lesson is chosen using technology. The instructor could present pupils with various possibilities (GCU, 2019).

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TRENDS
Synchronous learning occurs when everyone in the class logs onto the learning management system simultaneously (GCU, 2020). Students can participate in debates and class discussions thanks to constructivism. Communication can be done via the Zoom app.

Adaptive Learning- Thanks to adaptive learning, the course material may be customized to the learner, providing a unique experience that is not feasible in regular classes. Technology-based adaptive learning systems, also called e-learning systems, can give students quick assistance, materials suited to their learning needs, and any necessary feedback (Kurt, S. 2021).

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TRENDS
Digital citizenship- refers to the capacity to use modern technologies and the Internet for educational reasons. refers to reducing gaps in digital literacy by achieving technical equality among students in terms of equipment use, online information access, or any other measures (Galkowsha, B. 2022).

STEAM subjects include science, technology, engineering, art, and math. connects academic concepts to real-world, everyday behaviors (GCU, 2023). It focuses on tying various subjects together and teaching through real-world examples.