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 Babylonian Map of the World – Imago Mundi

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 Babylonian Map of the World – Imago Mundi

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Date:  6th century B.C.
Medium: Clay
Writing: Cuneiform
Discovered: Sippar, Tell Abu Habbah near Yusufiyah, Iraq
Located: British Museum

This is the oldest surviving world map. It is written in Akkadian. The map is circular with two outer defined circles. The plan is centered on the Euphrates, flowing from the north to the south of the map. The city of Babylon is shown on the Euphrates, north of the center of the map. There are seven small interior circles at the perimeter areas within the outer ring, and they appear to represent seven cities. The triangles might indicate that they were symbolized as mountains.

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The Largest Medieval Map. The map was so large that it took two knights to carry it, and they had to rest every half-mile!

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Date: 1330
Location: Hereford Cathedral
Material: Calf Skin
Artist: Richard of Haldingham and Lafford

Medieval Christian European understanding of the world. The Map consist has 500 drawings. This was inspired by Biblical times through the Middle Ages. Christ is located at the top of the map. This would be considered the "marvels of the natural world." The drawings consist of cities, towns, plants, animals, strange creatures, and scenes from classical mythology. The Mediterranean Sea separated Europe and Africa.

https://www.themappamundi.co.uk/mappa-mundi/

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"First Map of The World" Juan De La Cosa (1500)

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"First Map of The World" Juan De La Cosa (1500)

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Date: 1500
Medium: Leather-backed, ox-hide parchment with ink watercolors
Artist: Juan De La Cosa
Located: National Naval Museum of Madrid, Spain

A cartographic representation of the American continent dating back to the mid-15th century. This map is a visual representation of the expansive continent, highlighting the unique geography and cultural diversity that has been present for centuries. Juan De La Cosa (cartographer and navigator) who was the owner of the famous Santa Maria ship, created the earliest European New World map. He also sailed with Christopher Columbus during one of her voyages. This chart provides an illustration of the equator. It provides sailing directions indicating landmasses representing the Western hemisphere. The fishhook represents Cuba. This map was only meant for seamen. Latitude and longitude do not exist. The compass is on the first line. The markings above the compass are the Caribbean islands. The second line is the equator.

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Date: 1489-1552
Artist: Sebastian Munster
Medium: Woodcut with added color
Location: Cosmographia Universalis

It's the earliest map of Africa. It is a remarkable example of early cartography, providing a unique insight into the African continent as it was seen centuries ago. Munster was a professor of Hebew at Heidelberg. Munster provided up-to-date information about mythical tribes, forests, rivers, and lakes. If you look closely, you can point out coastal towns. This was made for sailors from Calicut, India to avoid specific routes to Africa. It's amazing how this country was pronounced to be evil but in turn, was the foundation of where life began.

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The Piri Reis Map was said to be so accurate that it could even show where you left your keys last night.

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Author: Turkish Admiral and Cartographer, Hagii Ahmed Muhiddin
Date: 1513
Medium: Gazelle Skin Parchment
Museum: Topkapi Palace Museum, Istanbul
Type: Ancient and Historical Map

This Portolan chart demonstrates the exploration of the New World. It doesn't have latitude or longitude lines. The lines on this chart are called Azimuth. The red dye is called vakami. The criss-cross lines are called "thumb lines" to help direct a course. The cities are in red lines, the desert is in black lines, and the black dots represent the rocky places. This map was circulated among European sailors. The Turks conquered the seas.  It depicts Antarctica's appearance before it was buried in ice six thousand years ago. The map also shows the Western Coast of Africa and the Eastern Coast of South America.

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Date: 1797
Collector: S E Prestige
Location: World Museum, Level 5 Time Gallery
Chronometer based on Thomas Mudges Blue and Green chronometer engraved no 17: round wood and brass case, Arnold detent escapement with a bi-metallic balance in good condition.

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Date: 1500 CE - 1700 CE
Location: The Mariners' Museum Collection

This device was used to keep a record of the ship's movement. A compass rose with 32 different points fixed to the top of a wooden board. From the center of the rose, eight holes extended out to each compass point. This formed eight concentric circles and represented eight 30-minute timeframes or the four hours of a watch. Every half hour the direction the ship was sailing would be measured using a compass and would be recorded by placing a small wooden peg in the corresponding hole on the Traverse Board. The first half hour would have a peg put into a hole in the first circle from the center. The second half hour, a total of one hour, would have a peg put into a hole in the second circle from the center, and so on. After four hours, when the watch was over, the board would be cleared and recording would begin again.
https://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/object/traverse-board/

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Dated:  1590 (225 BCE)
Location: Swedish Castle Museum

A rare 16th-century artifact. This instrument reminds you of a protractor that was used in elementary. It is used by sailors, astronomers, and in the Middle Ages.  This can locate celestial objects in the sky. Also, tell time during the day(sunrise) and night (sunset).  It can contain one or more flat plates that are called "tympans."The mater holds the tympans in place. The mater and tympans rotate. These main parts are what make an astrolabe.

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Date: 900 CE - 1900 CE
Material: Horn or Wood
Location: The Mariners' Museum
Artist: Peter Ifland Collection

This tool was invented by Arabian sailors in the 9th Century CE and was used to cross the Indian Ocean. It measures altitude and angles. It's a piece of split bamboo with a loop at the top. This device was attached with a knotted string that could be held in the teeth, ensuring that a consistent distance would always remain between the teeth. In order to indicate when the desired latitude was reached, its length was aligned with the horizon and star.

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Inventor: Flavio Gioia
Date: 1300 CE - 1900 CE
Located: Mariners' Museum

A compass is a navigational tool with a magnetic needle that points toward the magnetic north pole. This can align with the Earth's magnetic field. Explorers in the past were able to sail and navigate around the globe. It is a detached needle that is over a wind rose pattern. There are different compasses, but the main types are liquid, marine, and a surveyor's compass.